ἄζω

Ancient Greek

Etymology 1

Connection with ἄδδαυον (áddauon) is problematic, as a compound with αὖος (aûos) is improbable; Latte corrects this in *ἀδδανον (*addanon). Nearest cognate seems Old Czech ozd (“dry malt”), Czech ozditi (“to dry malt”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂esd-, perhaps ultimately from the root *h₂e(H)s- (“to dry, burn”).^[1] Leiden scholars Beekes, Kloekhorst and Kroonen have a simpler solution: ἄζω continues Proto-Indo-European *h₂ed-ye-, from *h₂ed- (“dry”) (of which *h₂eHs- is likely an extension of, via an earlier form *h₂ed-s-) the root found in Hittite 𒄩𒀀𒋾 (ḫāt-, “to dry up, become parched”)^[2]^[3] and possibly Prasuni ëliga^[4] (if from *Hād-V-ka-); cf. words in Germanic with an added velar: Gothic 𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉 (azgō, “ash”), Old High German azgo (“ash”) (< Proto-Germanic *askǭ ~ *azgǭ).^[5] Without the final consonants, Latin āreō (“to be dry, parched up”), probably also Latin āra, from Old Latin āsa (“altar”), which is also found in Hittite 𒄩𒀸𒊭𒀀𒀸 (h̯āššāš, “fireplace, hearth”). The Latin long ā- is explained from the perfect *h₂e-h₂s-,^[6] though Beekes prefers a glottalic *h₂eh₁s- that dissimilated from *h₂ed-s-.^[2] Further, Sanskrit आस (ā́sa, “ashes, dust”), which may continue Indo-European *h₂oso-^[7] or *h₂eHso-.^[2]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /áz.dɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.zo/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.zo/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.zo/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.zo/

Verb

ἄζω • (ázō)

(intransitive) to dry up, parch

Alternative forms

ἄσδω (ásdō) — Lesbian

References

^ Frisk, Hjalmar (1960), “ἄζω 1”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 25–26
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἄζω 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 26–27
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “ḫāt-ⁱ / ḫat-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 328–329
^ https://iecor.clld.org/values/307-186-1
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*askōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 38
^ Lubotsky, KZ 98 (1985) 1–10
^ Specht Ursprung 201, 219, 232.

Etymology 2

From ἆ (â), ultimately onomatopoeic. Compare the formation of οἴζω (oízō) from οἴ (oí).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ǎːz.dɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.zo/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.zo/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.zo/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.zo/

Verb

ᾱ́ζω • (ā́zō)

(intransitive) to cry, groan, sigh

Conjugation

Present: ᾱ́ζω, ᾱ́ζομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ᾱ́ζω	ᾱ́ζεις	ᾱ́ζει	ᾱ́ζετον	ᾱ́ζετον	ᾱ́ζομεν	ᾱ́ζετε	ᾱ́ζουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ᾱ́ζω	ᾱ́ζῃς	ᾱ́ζῃ	ᾱ́ζητον	ᾱ́ζητον	ᾱ́ζωμεν	ᾱ́ζητε	ᾱ́ζωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ᾱ́ζοιμῐ	ᾱ́ζοις	ᾱ́ζοι	ᾱ́ζοιτον	ᾱζοίτην	ᾱ́ζοιμεν	ᾱ́ζοιτε	ᾱ́ζοιεν
	imperative		ᾶζε	ᾱζέτω	ᾱ́ζετον	ᾱζέτων		ᾱ́ζετε	ᾱζόντων
middle/passive	indicative	ᾱ́ζομαι	ᾱ́ζῃ / ᾱ́ζει	ᾱ́ζεται	ᾱ́ζεσθον	ᾱ́ζεσθον	ᾱζόμεθᾰ	ᾱ́ζεσθε	ᾱ́ζονται
	subjunctive	ᾱ́ζωμαι	ᾱ́ζῃ	ᾱ́ζηται	ᾱ́ζησθον	ᾱ́ζησθον	ᾱζώμεθᾰ	ᾱ́ζησθε	ᾱ́ζωνται
	optative	ᾱζοίμην	ᾱ́ζοιο	ᾱ́ζοιτο	ᾱ́ζοισθον	ᾱζοίσθην	ᾱζοίμεθᾰ	ᾱ́ζοισθε	ᾱ́ζοιντο
	imperative		ᾱ́ζου	ᾱζέσθω	ᾱ́ζεσθον	ᾱζέσθων		ᾱ́ζεσθε	ᾱζέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ᾱ́ζειν				ᾱ́ζεσθαι
participle	m	ᾱ́ζων				ᾱζόμενος
	f	ᾱ́ζουσᾰ				ᾱζομένη
	n	ᾶζον				ᾱζόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Ancient Greek

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Verb

Alternative forms

References

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Further reading