ἄνθραξ

See also: άνθραξ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Uncertain; Strong's Concordance calls it a "primitive word". Possibly from a Mediterranean substrate; compare Old Armenian անթայր (antʻayr, “spark; anthrax”), անթեղ (antʻeł, “hot coal, ember”).

Others have connected the word to Old Norse sintr, German Sinter (“sinter”), Old English sinder (“cinder, ashes, slag”), all from *sindrą (“dross, cinder, slag”), and via Proto-Indo-European *sendʰro- (“coagulating fluid, scale, cinder”) cognate to Old Church Slavonic сядра (sjadra, “lime cinder, gypsum”) (compare Serbo-Croatian sadra, Czech sádra). Kölligan suggests a connection to Sanskrit अन्ध (andha, “blind, darkness, etc.”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /án.tʰraks/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈan.tʰraks/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈan.θraks/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈan.θraks/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈan.θraks/

Noun

ᾰ̓́νθρᾰξ • (ắnthrăx) m (genitive ᾰ̓́νθρᾰκος); third declension

charcoal
coal
a deep red precious stone, a carbuncle
an abscess, a boil, a carbuncle

Declension

Third declension of ὁ ᾰ̓́νθρᾰξ; τοῦ ᾰ̓́νθρᾰκος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ᾰ̓́νθρᾰξ ho ắnthrăx	τὼ ᾰ̓́νθρᾰκε tṑ ắnthrăke	οἱ ᾰ̓́νθρᾰκες hoi ắnthrăkes
Genitive	τοῦ ᾰ̓́νθρᾰκος toû ắnthrăkos	τοῖν ᾰ̓νθρᾰ́κοιν toîn ănthrắkoin	τῶν ᾰ̓νθρᾰ́κων tôn ănthrắkōn
Dative	τῷ ᾰ̓́νθρᾰκῐ tōî ắnthrăkĭ	τοῖν ᾰ̓νθρᾰ́κοιν toîn ănthrắkoin	τοῖς ᾰ̓́νθρᾰξῐ / ᾰ̓́νθρᾰξῐν toîs ắnthrăxĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸν ᾰ̓́νθρᾰκᾰ tòn ắnthrăkă	τὼ ᾰ̓́νθρᾰκε tṑ ắnthrăke	τοὺς ᾰ̓́νθρᾰκᾰς toùs ắnthrăkăs
Vocative	ᾰ̓́νθρᾰξ ắnthrăx	ᾰ̓́νθρᾰκε ắnthrăke	ᾰ̓́νθρᾰκες ắnthrăkes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ᾰ̓νθρᾰ́κᾱ (ănthrắkā)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκᾰ́ρῐος (ănthrăkắrĭos)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκείᾱ (ănthrăkeíā)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκείον (ănthrăkeíon)
ᾰ̓́νθρᾰκες ὁ θησαυρός (ắnthrăkes ho thēsaurós)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκεύς (ănthrăkeús)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκευτής (ănthrăkeutḗs)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκευτός (ănthrăkeutós)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκεύω (ănthrăkeúō)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκηρός (ănthrăkērós)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾱ́ (ănthrăkĭā́)
Ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐ́ᾱ (Ănthrăkĭ́ā)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐ́ᾱ (ănthrăkĭ́ā)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐ́ᾱς (ănthrăkĭ́ās)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐᾰ́ω (ănthrăkĭắō)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐ́δες (ănthrăkĭ́des)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐ́ζω (ănthrăkĭ́zō)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐή (ănthrăkĭḗ)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰ́κῐνος (ănthrắkĭnos)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰ́κῐον (ănthrắkĭon)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰ́κῐος (ănthrắkĭos)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐ́ς (ănthrăkĭ́s)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐσμός (ănthrăkĭsmós)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῑ́της (ănthrăkī́tēs)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῖτῐς (ănthrăkîtĭs)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῐῶ (ănthrăkĭô)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκοβᾰ́της (ănthrăkobắtēs)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκοβότᾰνον (ănthrăkobótănon)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκογένεσῐς (ănthrăkogénesĭs)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκογρᾰφῐ́ᾱ (ănthrăkogrăphĭ́ā)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκοειδής (ănthrăkoeidḗs)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκόεις (ănthrăkóeis)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκοθήκη (ănthrăkothḗkē)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκοκαύστης (ănthrăkokaústēs)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκόομαι (ănthrăkóomai)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκοποιῐ̈́ᾱ (ănthrăkopoiĭ̈́ā)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκοπώλης (ănthrăkopṓlēs)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκοῦμαι (ănthrăkoûmai)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκουργῐ́ᾱ (ănthrăkourgĭ́ā)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκοφόρος (ănthrăkophóros)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκόω (ănthrăkóō)
Ᾰ̓νθρᾰ́κῠλλος (Ănthrắkŭllos)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῶ (ănthrăkô)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκῶδες (ănthrăkôdes)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκώδης (ănthrăkṓdēs)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰ́κωμᾰ (ănthrắkōmă)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰκών (ănthrăkṓn)
ᾰ̓νθρᾰ́κωσῐς (ănthrắkōsĭs)
ᾰ̓́νθρᾰξ ἡμμένος (ắnthrăx hēmménos)
ᾰ̓πᾰνθρᾰκῐ́ζω (ăpănthrăkĭ́zō)
ᾰ̓πᾰνθρᾰκῐ́ς (ăpănthrăkĭ́s)
ᾰ̓πᾰνθρᾰκόω (ăpănthrăkóō)
ᾰ̓πᾰνθρᾰκῶ (ăpănthrăkô)
ἐξᾰνθρᾰκόω (exănthrăkóō)
ἐξᾰνθρᾰκῶ (exănthrăkô)
ἐπᾰνθρᾰκῐ́δες (epănthrăkĭ́des)
ἐπᾰνθρᾰκῐ́ζω (epănthrăkĭ́zō)
ἐπᾰνθρᾰκόομαι (epănthrăkóomai)
ἐπᾰνθρᾰκοῦμαι (epănthrăkoûmai)
ἠνθρᾰκωμένος (ēnthrăkōménos)
κᾰμηλᾰ́νθρᾰξ (kămēlắnthrăx)
κᾰτᾰνθρᾰκῐ́ζω (kătănthrăkĭ́zō)
κᾰτᾰνθρᾰκόω (kătănthrăkóō)
κᾰτᾰνθρᾰκῶ (kătănthrăkô)
πολῠᾰ́νθρᾰξ (polŭắnthrăx)
προᾰνθρᾰκόομαι (proănthrăkóomai)
προᾰνθρᾰκοῦμαι (proănthrăkoûmai)
φῐλᾰνθρᾰκεύς (phĭlănthrăkeús)

Descendants

→ Czech: anthrax
→ English: anthrax, anthracite, anthracene
→ French: anthrax
→ German: Anthrax
→ Greek: άνθρακας (ánthrakas), άνθραξ (ánthrax)
→ Dutch: antrax
→ Serbo-Croatian: антракс
→ Translingual: Anthrax, Anthracus
→ Old Georgian: ანთრაკი (antraḳi)