ἧμαι

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Ancient Greek

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ḗsti, from *h₁eh₁s- (to sit) (with cognates in Indo-Iranian and Anatolian), which may be an extension of *h₁es- (to be).[1] Cognate with Sanskrit आस्ते (ā́ste, to stay; to sit), Avestan 𐬁𐬯𐬙𐬈 (āste), Hittite [script needed] (ēša), Hittite [script needed] (āšzi).[2] The initial /h/ is due to influence from etymologically unrelated forms derived from *sed- (to sit).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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ἧμαι (hêmai)

  1. to sit, be seated; to lie, be situated
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.498:
      εὗρεν δ’ εὐρύοπα Κρονίδην ἄτερ ἥμενον ἄλλων
      heûren d’ eurúopa Kronídēn áter hḗmenon állōn
      There she found the far-seeing son of Cronos sitting apart from the rest
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.509:
      τὴν δ’ ἑτέρην πόλιν ἀμφὶ δύω στρατοὶ ἥατο λαῶν τεύχεσι λαμπόμενοι
      tḕn d’ hetérēn pólin amphì dúō stratoì hḗato laôn teúkhesi lampómenoi
      About the other city there lay encamped two hosts in gleaming armour
    1. to lie hid

Inflection

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The missing tenses are supplied by ἕζομαι (hézomai), ἵζω (hízō) and ἵζομαι (hízomai).

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἧμαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 518
  2. ^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 296

Further reading

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  • ἧμαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • ἧμαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • ἧμαι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • ἧμαι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • ἧμαι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • ἧμαι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
  • Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part II: Inflection”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 789