ὕδρα

See also: Ύδρα

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ῠ̔́δρη (hŭ́drē) — Ionic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *wed-

Proto-Indo-European *-rós

Proto-Indo-European *udrós

Proto-Indo-European *udréh₂

Proto-Hellenic *údrā

Ancient Greek ὕδρα

From Proto-Hellenic *údrā, from Proto-Indo-European *udréh₂, the feminine form of *udrós, from the root *wed-. See also Mycenaean Greek 𐀄𐀈𐀫 (u-do-ro). Cognate with English otter and Sanskrit उद्र (udrá), Czech vydra, Russian вы́дра (výdra), Lithuanian ūdra, Latin lutra.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hý.draː/ → /ˈy.ðra/ → /ˈi.ðra/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hý.draː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)y.dra/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈy.ðra/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈy.ðra/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ðra/

Noun

ῠ̔́δρᾱ • (hŭ́drā) f (genitive ῠ̔́δρᾱς); first declension

1. sea serpent
2. (astronomy) the constellation Hydra

Declension

First declension of ἡ ῠ̔́δρᾱ; τῆς ῠ̔́δρᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ῠ̔́δρᾱ hē hŭ́drā	τὼ ῠ̔́δρᾱ tṑ hŭ́drā	αἱ ῠ̔́δραι hai hŭ́drai
Genitive	τῆς ῠ̔́δρᾱς tês hŭ́drās	τοῖν ῠ̔́δραιν toîn hŭ́drain	τῶν ῠ̔δρῶν tôn hŭdrôn
Dative	τῇ ῠ̔́δρᾳ tēî hŭ́drāi	τοῖν ῠ̔́δραιν toîn hŭ́drain	ταῖς ῠ̔́δραις taîs hŭ́drais
Accusative	τὴν ῠ̔́δρᾱν tḕn hŭ́drān	τὼ ῠ̔́δρᾱ tṑ hŭ́drā	τᾱ̀ς ῠ̔́δρᾱς tā̀s hŭ́drās
Vocative	ῠ̔́δρᾱ hŭ́drā	ῠ̔́δρᾱ hŭ́drā	ῠ̔́δραι hŭ́drai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Related terms

• ῠ̔́δρος (hŭ́dros)

Descendants

• Greek: ύδρα (ýdra), Ύδρα (Ýdra)
• → English: hydra, Hydra
• → Latin: hydra
• → Russian: ги́дра f (gídra)

References

• “ὕδρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὕδρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • hydra idem, page 412.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὕδρα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1526