ねじる
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 捻る 捻じる 捩る 捩じる 拗る |
Etymology
[edit]From Classical Japanese verb ねづ (nezu).
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.
Later on, the verb shifted to yodan conjugation.[1][2][3][4]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 捩じる
| Plain | 捩じる | ねじる | [nèjíꜜrù] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 捩じって | ねじって | [nèjíꜜttè] |
| Perfective | 捩じった | ねじった | [nèjíꜜttà] |
| Negative | 捩じらない | ねじらない | [nèjíráꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 捩じらなかった | ねじらなかった | [nèjíráꜜnàkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 捩じれば | ねじれば | [nèjíꜜrèbà] |
| Past conditional | 捩じったら | ねじったら | [nèjíꜜttàrà] |
| Imperative | 捩じれ | ねじれ | [nèjíꜜrè] |
| Volitional | 捩じろう | ねじろー | [nèjíróꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 捩じりたい | ねじりたい | [nèjírítáꜜì] |
| Formal | 捩じります | ねじります | [nèjírímáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 捩じりません | ねじりません | [nèjírímáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 捩じりましょう | ねじりましょー | [nèjírímáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 捩じりました | ねじりました | [nèjírímáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 捩じり 捩じりに |
ねじり ねじりに |
[nèjíꜜrì] [nèjíꜜrì nì] |
| Negative continuative | 捩じらず 捩じらずに |
ねじらず ねじらずに |
[nèjíráꜜzù] [nèjíráꜜzù nì] |
| Passive | 捩じられる | ねじられる | [nèjíráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 捩じらせる 捩じらす |
ねじらせる ねじらす |
[nèjíráséꜜrù] [nèjíráꜜsù] |
| Potential | 捩じれる | ねじれる | [nèjíréꜜrù] |
Verb
[edit]ねじる • (nejiru) ←ねぢる (nediru)?transitive godan (stem ねじり (nejiri), past ねじった (nejitta))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | ねじる |
| mediopassive | 拗ける |
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | ねじら | nejira | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | ねじり | nejiri | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | ねじる | nejiru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | ねじる | nejiru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | ねじれ | nejire | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | ねじれ | nejire | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | ねじられる | nejirareru | |
| Causative | ねじらせる ねじらす |
nejiraseru nejirasu | |
| Potential | ねじれる | nejireru | |
| Volitional | ねじろう | nejirō | |
| Negative | ねじらない | nejiranai | |
| Negative continuative | ねじらず | nejirazu | |
| Formal | ねじります | nejirimasu | |
| Perfective | ねじった | nejitta | |
| Conjunctive | ねじって | nejitte | |
| Hypothetical conditional | ねじれば | nejireba | |
References
[edit]- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese terms historically spelled with ぢ
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -iru
- Japanese hiragana