らむ

Japanese

Etymology

The final -mu is cognate with conjectural む (mu).

Particle

らむ • (ramu) 

1. conjecture about a presently occurring situation that the speaker has no direct knowledge about
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 1, poem 4:

     玉剋春 内乃大野尓 馬数而 朝布麻須等六 其草深野

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 1, poem 40:

     鳴呼見乃浦尓 船乗為良武 𡢳嬬等之 珠裳乃須十二 四宝三都良武香

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. conjecture about the cause or reason of a presently occurring situation that is directly observed by the speaker
3. hearsay based on things heard or read

Conjugation

Attaches to the Conclusive. Incomplete quadrigrade:

	Irrealis	Adverbial	Conclusive	Attributive	Realis	Imperative
ram-			u	u	e

Derived terms

• らん (ran)

See also

• らし (rashi)

References

• Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 1: Man’yōshū 1 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1999, →ISBN.