山寨

Chinese

		mountain; hill	stronghold; stockade
trad. (山寨)		山	寨
simp. #(山寨)		山	寨
alternative forms		山砦／山寨

Etymology

The use of "Shanzhai" to refer to imitation products comes from Cantonese slang, in which "shanzhai factory" (山寨廠／山寨厂) means an ill-equipped, low-end and family-based factory.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shānzhài

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢ ㄓㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saan¹ zaai⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sân-chai
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): soaⁿ-chē / soaⁿ-chēe

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shānzhài
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ ㄓㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shanjhài
    • Wade–Giles: shan¹-chai⁴
    • Yale: shān-jài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanjay
    • Palladius: шаньчжай (šanʹčžaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: saan¹ zaai⁶
    • Yale: sāan jaaih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saan¹ dzaai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: san¹ zai⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːn⁵⁵ t͡saːi̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sân-chai
    • Hakka Romanization System: san´ zai
    • Hagfa Pinyim: san¹ zai⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /san²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sai̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ-chē
    • Tâi-lô: suann-tsē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svoaze
    • IPA (Xiamen): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² t͡se²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡se³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /suã³³ t͡se⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ-chēe
    • Tâi-lô: suann-tsēe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɛ²²/

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 山寨

1. mountain fortress
2. fortified mountain village
3. (slang) shanzhai; fake or pirated good, especially an electronic one; knockoff

Descendants

• English: shanzhai
• Japanese: 山塞