染みる

Japanese

Kanji in this term
染
し Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Alternative spellings
沁みる 滲みる 浸みる 泌みる

Etymology

From Old Japanese 染む (“to dye”).

Development

Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕimʲiɾɯ̟ᵝ]

• Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "染みる"

Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形)	染みる	しみる	[shìmírú]
Imperative (命令形)	染みろ	しみろ	[shìmíró]
Key constructions
Passive	染みられる	しみられる	[shìmírárérú]
Causative	染みさせる	しみさせる	[shìmísásérú]
Potential	-	-	-
Volitional	染みよう	しみよ​ー	[shìmíyóꜜò]
Negative	染みない	しみない	[shìmínáí]
Negative perfective	染みなかった	しみな​かった	[shìmínáꜜkàttà]
Formal	染みます	しみま​す	[shìmímáꜜsù]
Perfective	染みた	しみた	[shìmítá]
Conjunctive	染みて	しみて	[shìmíté]
Hypothetical conditional	染みれば	しみれ​ば	[shìmíréꜜbà]

Verb

染(し)みる • (shimiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 染(し)み (shimi), past 染(し)みた (shimita))

1. soak in, soak into
2. cold to pierce, cold to bite, part of the body to ache, sting

Conjugation

Conjugation of "染みる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	染み	しみ	shimi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	染み	しみ	shimi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	染みる	しみる	shimiru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	染みる	しみる	shimiru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	染みれ	しみれ	shimire
Meireikei ("imperative")	染みよ¹ 染みろ²	しみよ¹ しみろ²	shimiyo¹ shimiro²
Key constructions
Passive	染みられる	しみられる	shimirareru
Causative	染みさせる 染みさす	しみさせる しみさす	shimisaseru shimisasu
Potential	染みられる 染みれる³	しみられる しみれる³	shimirareru shimireru³
Volitional	染みよう	しみよう	shimiyō
Negative	染みない 染みぬ 染みん	しみない しみぬ しみん	shiminai shiminu shimin
Negative continuative	染みず	しみず	shimizu
Formal	染みます	しみます	shimimasu
Perfective	染みた	しみた	shimita
Conjunctive	染みて	しみて	shimite
Hypothetical conditional	染みれば	しみれば	shimireba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential

Suffix

染(じ)みる • (-jimiru) ichidan (stem 染(じ)み (-jimi), past 染(じ)みた (-jimita))

1. (with a noun) to be soaked in […]
2. (with a noun) to be like […]

References

• James M. Unger, Charles J. Quinn, Brian D. Joseph (2016); The Ohio State University, Proto-Korean-Japanese: A New Reconstruction of the Common Origin of the Japanese and Korean Languages, page 389-390.