洗面
Appearance
Chinese
[edit]| to wash; to bathe | face; side; surface face; side; surface; aspect; top | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (洗面) |
洗 | 面 | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sai2 min6
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhai2 men5
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): sǎi-mīng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): se3 ming4
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xǐmiàn
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˇ ㄇㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sǐmiàn
- Wade–Giles: hsi3-mien4
- Yale: syǐ-myàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiimiann
- Palladius: симянь (simjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: sai2 min6
- Yale: sái mihn
- Cantonese Pinyin: sai2 min6
- Guangdong Romanization: sei2 min6
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐi̯³⁵ miːn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhai2 men5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬai⁵⁵ ᵐben³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sé-mien
- Hakka Romanization System: seˋ mien
- Hagfa Pinyim: se3 mian4
- Sinological IPA: /se³¹ mi̯en⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: seˊ mienˇ
- Sinological IPA: /se²⁴⁻³³ mien¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sǎi-mīng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sai²¹ miŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: se3 ming4 [Phonetic: se5 ming4]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sâ̤-mi̍ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬe⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ miŋ⁴²/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: se3 ming4 [Phonetic: se5 ming4]
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬe³³²⁻²¹ miŋ⁴²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sóe-bīn
- Tâi-lô: sué-bīn
- Phofsit Daibuun: soefbin
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /sue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sue⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bin⁴¹/
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /sue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sé-bīn
- Tâi-lô: sé-bīn
- Phofsit Daibuun: sefbin
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /se⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /se⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: soi2 ming7 / soi2 mêng7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sói mīng / sói mēng
- Sinological IPA (key): /soi⁵²⁻³⁵ miŋ¹¹/, /soi⁵²⁻³⁵ meŋ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
Note: soi2 mêng7 - Jieyang.
Adjective
[edit]洗面
Derived terms
[edit]Verb
[edit]洗⫽面 (verb-object) (intransitive)
- (literary or Cantonese, Hakka, Min) to wash one's face
- (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to make somebody lose face; to mock
- (Hainanese, childish) to take a shower or bath
Synonyms
[edit]- (to wash one's face):
- (to take a shower or bath):
Derived terms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 洗 | 面 |
| せん Grade: 6 |
めん Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | |
Etymology
[edit]Attested from 13th century.[1] (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 洗面する
| Plain | 洗面する | せんめん・する | [sèńméń sùrú] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 洗面して | せんめん・して | [sèńméń shìté] |
| Perfective | 洗面した | せんめん・した | [sèńméń shìtá] |
| Negative | 洗面しない | せんめん・しない | [sèńméń shìnáí] |
| Negative perfective | 洗面しなかった | せんめん・しなかった | [sèńméń shìnáꜜkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 洗面すれば | せんめん・すれば | [sèńméń sùréꜜbà] |
| Past conditional | 洗面したら | せんめん・したら | [sèńméń shìtáꜜrà] |
| Imperative | 洗面しろ 洗面せよ |
せんめん・しろ せんめん・せよ |
[sèńméń shìró] [sèńméń séꜜyò] |
| Volitional | 洗面しよう | せんめん・しよー | [sèńméń shìyóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 洗面したい | せんめん・したい | [sèńméń shìtáí] |
| Formal | 洗面します | せんめん・します | [sèńméń shìmáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 洗面しません | せんめん・しません | [sèńméń shìmáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 洗面しましょう | せんめん・しましょー | [sèńméń shìmáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 洗面しました | せんめん・しました | [sèńméń shìmáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 洗面し 洗面しに |
せんめん・し せんめん・しに |
[sèńméń shì] [sèńméń shì ní] |
| Negative continuative | 洗面せず 洗面せずに |
せんめん・せず せんめん・せずに |
[sèńméń séꜜzù] [sèńméń séꜜzù nì] |
| Passive | 洗面される | せんめん・される | [sèńméń sàrérú] |
| Causative | 洗面させる 洗面さす |
せんめん・させる せんめん・さす |
[sèńméń sàsérú] [sèńméń sàsú] |
| Potential | 洗面できる | せんめん・できる | [sèńméń dèkíꜜrù] |
Noun
[edit]- washing one's face
-
- 洗面せざるは、非法なり。
洗面のとき、面薬をもちいる法あり。- Senmen sezaru wa, hihō nari.
Senmen no toki, men kusuri o mochīru hō ari. - Not washing one's face is improper. When washing your face, it is proper to use facial ointment.
- Senmen sezaru wa, hihō nari.
- 洗面せざるは、非法なり。
-
Derived terms
[edit]Verb
[edit]洗面する • (senmen suru) ←せんめん (senmen)?suru (stem 洗面し (senmen shi), past 洗面した (senmen shita))
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 洗面し | せんめんし | senmen shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 洗面し | せんめんし | senmen shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 洗面する | せんめんする | senmen suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 洗面する | せんめんする | senmen suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 洗面すれ | せんめんすれ | senmen sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 洗面せよ¹ 洗面しろ² |
せんめんせよ¹ せんめんしろ² |
senmen seyo¹ senmen shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 洗面される | せんめんされる | senmen sareru |
| Causative | 洗面させる 洗面さす |
せんめんさせる せんめんさす |
senmen saseru senmen sasu |
| Potential | 洗面できる | せんめんできる | senmen dekiru |
| Volitional | 洗面しよう | せんめんしよう | senmen shiyō |
| Negative | 洗面しない | せんめんしない | senmen shinai |
| Negative continuative | 洗面せず | せんめんせず | senmen sezu |
| Formal | 洗面します | せんめんします | senmen shimasu |
| Perfective | 洗面した | せんめんした | senmen shita |
| Conjunctive | 洗面して | せんめんして | senmen shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 洗面すれば | せんめんすれば | senmen sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
[edit]- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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