靠山

Chinese

		depend upon; lean on; near depend upon; lean on; near; by; against; to support	mountain; hill
trad. (靠山)		靠	山
simp. #(靠山)		靠	山

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kàoshān

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄠˋ ㄕㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kaau³ saan¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kho-sân
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khò-soaⁿ / khò͘-soaⁿ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kàoshān → kàoshan (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄠˋ ㄕㄢ → ㄎㄠˋ ˙ㄕㄢ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kàoshån
    • Wade–Giles: kʻao⁴-shan⁵
    • Yale: kàu-shan
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaw.shan
    • Palladius: каошань (kaošanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/ → /kʰɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʂän¹/

Note: Toneless - only the figurative sense.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: kaau³ saan¹
    • Yale: kaau sāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kaau³ saan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: kao³ san¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaːu̯³³ saːn⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kho-sân
    • Hakka Romanization System: ko san´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ko⁴ san¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰo⁵⁵ san²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khò-soaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: khò-suann
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoirsvoaf
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ suã⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰo²¹⁻⁵³ suã⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰo¹¹⁻⁵³ suã⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khò͘-soaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: khòo-suann
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qorsvoaf
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ suã³³/

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 靠山

1. near the mountain
2. (figurative) backer; support; patron; backing (lit. “mountain to rely on”)