죽다

Korean

Etymology

Of native Korean origin. From Middle Korean 죽다 (Yale: cwukta).

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 죽다 (Yale: cwukta).

1447, (deprecated template usage) 《용비어천가》 제25장

忠誠(충성)이 이러ᄒᆞ실ᄊᆡ 죽다가 살언 百姓(백성)이 아ᄃᆞ니ᇝ긔 袞服(곤복)니피ᅀᆞᄫᆞ니.

Also attested in the Dongguk sinsok samgang haengsildo (東國新續三綱行實圖 / 동국신속삼강행실도), 1617, as Early Modern Korean 죽다 (Yale: cwukta).

1617, (deprecated template usage) 《동국신속삼강행실도》 열 3:31

왜적이 ᄧᅩ차 핍박ᄒᆞ거ᄂᆞᆯ 아ᄒᆡ 손ᄌᆞᄅᆞᆯ 업고 언의 ᄂᆞ려뎌 죽다.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕuk̚t͈a̠]

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [죽따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	jukda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	jugda
McCune–Reischauer?	chukta
Yale Romanization?	cwukta

Verb

죽다 • (jukda) (infinitive 죽어, sequential 죽으니)

1. to die

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 죽다 (jukda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	죽는다 jungneunda	죽어 jugeo	죽어요 jugeoyo	죽습니다 jukseumnida
	Past	죽었다 jugeotda	죽었어 jugeosseo	죽었어요 jugeosseoyo	죽었습니다 jugeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	죽느냐 jungneunya	죽어 jugeo	죽어요 jugeoyo	죽습니까 jukseumnikka
	Past	죽었느냐 jugeonneunya	죽었어 jugeosseo	죽었어요 jugeosseoyo	죽었습니까 jugeotseumnikka
Hortative		죽자 jukja	죽어 jugeo	죽어요 jugeoyo	죽으십시다 jugeusipsida
Imperative		죽어라 jugeora	죽어 jugeo	죽어요 jugeoyo	죽읍시오 jugeupsio
Assertive		죽겠다 jukgetda	죽겠어 jukgesseo	죽겠어요 jukgesseoyo	죽겠습니다 jukgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		죽어 jugeo	죽어서 jugeoseo	죽으니 jugeuni	죽으니까 jugeunikka
Contrast		죽지만 jukjiman	죽는데 jungneunde	죽더니 jukdeoni
Conjunction		죽고 jukgo
Condition		죽으면 jugeumyeon	죽어야 jugeoya
Motive		죽으려고 jugeuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		죽음 jugeum	죽기 jukgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		죽었음 jugeosseum	죽었기 jugeotgi
Determiners	Past	죽은 jugeun
	Present	죽는 jungneun
	Future	죽을 jugeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	죽으신다 jugeusinda	죽으셔 jugeusyeo	죽으세요, 죽으셔요 jugeuseyo, jugeusyeoyo	죽으십니다 jugeusimnida
	Past	죽으셨다 jugeusyeotda	죽으셨어 jugeusyeosseo	죽으셨어요 jugeusyeosseoyo	죽으셨습니다 jugeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	죽으시느냐 jugeusineunya	죽으셔 jugeusyeo	죽으세요, 죽으셔요 jugeuseyo, jugeusyeoyo	죽으십니까 jugeusimnikka
	Past	죽으셨느냐 jugeusyeonneunya	죽으셨어 jugeusyeosseo	죽으셨어요 jugeusyeosseoyo	죽으셨습니까 jugeusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		죽으시라 jugeusira	죽으셔 jugeusyeo	죽으세요 jugeuseyo	죽으십시오 jugeusipsio
Assertive		죽으시겠다 jugeusigetda	죽으시겠어 jugeusigesseo	죽으시겠어요 jugeusigesseoyo	죽으시겠습니다 jugeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		죽으셔 jugeusyeo	죽으셔서 jugeusyeoseo	죽으시니 jugeusini	죽으시니까 jugeusinikka
Contrast		죽으시지만 jugeusijiman	죽으시는데 jugeusineunde	죽으시더니 jugeusideoni
Conjunction		죽으시고 jugeusigo
Condition		죽으시면 jugeusimyeon	죽으셔야 jugeusyeoya
Motive		죽으시려고 jugeusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		죽으심 jugeusim	죽으시기 jugeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		죽으셨음 jugeusyeosseum	죽으셨기 jugeusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	죽으신 jugeusin
	Present	죽으시는 jugeusineun
	Future	죽으실 jugeusil

Synonyms

(Sino-Korean):

• 운하다 (殞—, unhada)
• 운명하다 (殞命—, unmyeonghada)
• 별세하다 (別世—, byeolsehada)
• 타계하다 (他界—, tagyehada)
• 작고하다 (作故—, jakgohada)
• 서거하다 (逝去—, seogeohada)
• 연세하다 (捐世—, yeonsehada)
• 사세하다 (辭歲—, sasehada)
• 하세하다 (下世—, hasehada)

(native Korean):

• 돌아가시다 (doragasida) (honorific)
• 없다 (eopda) (North Korea)

(figurative):

• 가다 (gada)
• 뜨다 (tteuda)
• 시들다 (sideulda)
• 끊어지다 (kkeuneojida)
• 거꾸러지다 (geokkureojida)
• 멎다 (meotda)

Antonyms

• 살다 (salda)
• 태어나다 (taeeonada)

Derived terms

• 죽이다 (jugida, “to kill”)

Related terms

• 해제끼다 (haejekkida, “to kill”) (North Korea)

See also

(death of a king or emperor):

• 붕하다 (崩—, bunghada)
• 붕어하다 (崩御—, bung'eohada)
• 등하하다 (登遐—, deunghahada)
• 빈천하다 (賓天—, bincheonhada)
• 승하하다 (昇遐—, seunghahada)
• 인가하다 (印可—, in'gahada)
• 예척하다 (禮陟—, yecheokhada)
• 상빈하다 (上賓—, sangbinhada)
• 선어하다 (仙馭—, seoneohada)
• 척방하다 (陟方—, cheokbanghada)
• 용어하다 (龍馭—, yong'eohada)
• 천붕하다 (天崩—, cheonbunghada)