초래하다

Korean

Etymology

초래(招來) (chorae) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰo̞ɾɛɦa̠da̠] ~ [t͡ɕʰo̞ɾe̞ɦa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [초래하다/초레하다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	choraehada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	cholaehada
McCune–Reischauer?	ch'oraehada
Yale Romanization?	cholayhata

Verb

초래하다 • (choraehada) (infinitive 초래해 or 초래하여, sequential 초래하니, hanja 招來하다)

1. (transitive, typically of something negative) to bring about, to give rise to

   지장을 초래하다 ― jijang-eul choraehada ― to give rise to problems

   자멸을 초래하다 ― jamyeor-eul choraehada ― to bring about their own downfall

   기후 변화를 초래하는 산업 ― gihu byeonhwa-reul choraehaneun saneop ― industries contributing to climate change

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 초래하다 (choraehada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	초래한다 choraehanda	초래해 choraehae	초래해요 choraehaeyo	초래합니다 choraehamnida
	Past	초래했다 choraehaetda	초래했어 choraehaesseo	초래했어요 choraehaesseoyo	초래했습니다 choraehaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	초래하느냐 choraehaneunya	초래해 choraehae	초래해요 choraehaeyo	초래합니까 choraehamnikka
	Past	초래했느냐 choraehaenneunya	초래했어 choraehaesseo	초래했어요 choraehaesseoyo	초래했습니까 choraehaetseumnikka
Hortative		초래하자 choraehaja	초래해 choraehae	초래해요 choraehaeyo	초래하십시다 choraehasipsida
Imperative		초래해라, 초래하여라 choraehaera, choraehayeora	초래해 choraehae	초래해요 choraehaeyo	초래합시오 choraehapsio
Assertive		초래하겠다 choraehagetda	초래하겠어 choraehagesseo	초래하겠어요 choraehagesseoyo	초래하겠습니다 choraehagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		초래해 choraehae	초래해서, 초래하여서 choraehaeseo, choraehayeoseo	초래하니 choraehani	초래하니까 choraehanikka
Contrast		초래하지만 choraehajiman	초래하는데 choraehaneunde	초래하더니 choraehadeoni
Conjunction		초래하고 choraehago
Condition		초래하면 choraehamyeon	초래해야, 초래하여야 choraehaeya, choraehayeoya
Motive		초래하려고 choraeharyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		초래함 choraeham	초래하기 choraehagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		초래했음, 초래하였음 choraehaesseum, choraehayeosseum	초래했기, 초래하였기 choraehaetgi, choraehayeotgi
Determiners	Past	초래한 choraehan
	Present	초래하는 choraehaneun
	Future	초래할 choraehal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	초래하신다 choraehasinda	초래하셔 choraehasyeo	초래하세요, 초래하셔요 choraehaseyo, choraehasyeoyo	초래하십니다 choraehasimnida
	Past	초래하셨다 choraehasyeotda	초래하셨어 choraehasyeosseo	초래하셨어요 choraehasyeosseoyo	초래하셨습니다 choraehasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	초래하시느냐 choraehasineunya	초래하셔 choraehasyeo	초래하세요, 초래하셔요 choraehaseyo, choraehasyeoyo	초래하십니까 choraehasimnikka
	Past	초래하셨느냐 choraehasyeonneunya	초래하셨어 choraehasyeosseo	초래하셨어요 choraehasyeosseoyo	초래하셨습니까 choraehasyeotseumnikka
Imperative		초래하시라 choraehasira	초래하셔 choraehasyeo	초래하세요 choraehaseyo	초래하십시오 choraehasipsio
Assertive		초래하시겠다 choraehasigetda	초래하시겠어 choraehasigesseo	초래하시겠어요 choraehasigesseoyo	초래하시겠습니다 choraehasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		초래하셔 choraehasyeo	초래하셔서 choraehasyeoseo	초래하시니 choraehasini	초래하시니까 choraehasinikka
Contrast		초래하시지만 choraehasijiman	초래하시는데 choraehasineunde	초래하시더니 choraehasideoni
Conjunction		초래하시고 choraehasigo
Condition		초래하시면 choraehasimyeon	초래하셔야 choraehasyeoya
Motive		초래하시려고 choraehasiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		초래하심 choraehasim	초래하시기 choraehasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		초래하셨음 choraehasyeosseum	초래하셨기 choraehasyeotgi
Determiners	Past	초래하신 choraehasin
	Present	초래하시는 choraehasineun
	Future	초래하실 choraehasil