πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

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Gothic

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Etymology

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From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ Proto-Germanic *naitijanΔ…, whence πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πƒ (naiteins, β€œblasphemy”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /Ι‘aˈnɛːtjan/

Verb

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πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (ganaitjan) (perfective)

  1. (hapax) to handle shamefully, mistreat, abuse
    • Mark 12:4:
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ°π†π„π‚πŒ° πŒΉπŒ½πƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° 𐌳𐌿 𐌹𐌼 πŒ°πŒ½πŒΈπŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ° πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒ»πŒΊ; 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΌ π…πŒ°πŒΉπ‚π€πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πƒ πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπƒπŒΊπ‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ±πŒΉπŒΈπ…πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½ πŒ±π‚πŒ°πŒ·π„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΉπŒ½πƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½ πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°.
      jah aftra insandida du im anΓΎarana skalk; jah ΓΎana stainam wairpandans gaaiwiskōdΔ“dun jah haubiΓΎwundan brahtΔ“dun jah insandidΔ“dun ganaitidana.
      And again he sent unto them another servant; and at him they cast stones, and wounded him in the head, and sent him away shamefully handled.

Conjugation

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Class 1 weak
Infinitive πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
ganaitjan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°
ganaitja 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
ganaitida 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
ganaitjada
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
ganaiteis 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
ganaitidΔ“s 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
ganaitjaza
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
ganaiteiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
ganaitida 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
ganaitjada
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπ‰πƒ
ganaitjōs 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
ganaitidΔ“du 		—
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
ganaitjats 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
ganaitidΔ“duts 		—
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
ganaitjam 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
ganaitidΔ“dum 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
ganaitjanda
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
ganaiteiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
ganaitidΔ“duΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
ganaitjanda
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
ganaitjand 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
ganaitidΔ“dun 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
ganaitjanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
ganaitjau 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
ganaitidΔ“djau 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
ganaitjaidau
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
ganaitjais 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
ganaitidΔ“deis 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
ganaitjaizau
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
ganaitjai 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
ganaitidΔ“di 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
ganaitjaidau
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
ganaitjaiwa 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
ganaitidΔ“deiwa 		—
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
ganaitjaits 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
ganaitidΔ“deits 		—
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
ganaitjaima 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
ganaitidΔ“deima 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
ganaitjaindau
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
ganaitjaiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
ganaitidΔ“deiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
ganaitjaindau
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
ganaitjaina 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
ganaitidΔ“deina 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
ganaitjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒ΄πŒΉ
ganaitei
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
ganaitjadau
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
ganaitjats
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
ganaiteiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
ganaitjandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
ganaitjands 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
ganaitiΓΎs

Further reading

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  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 98
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