𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *wandijaną. Equivalent to a causative of *𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (*windan).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwandjan/

Verb

𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (wandjan)

1. (transitive) to turn
   • Matthew 5:39:

     𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌺 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌽𐌹 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌹𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌴𐌻𐌾𐌹𐌽; 𐌰𐌺 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐍈𐌰𐍃 𐌸𐌿𐌺 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌹 𐌱𐌹 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌽 𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌺𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌿, 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐍉 𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌰.

     iþ ik qiþa izwis ni andstandan allis þamma unsēljin; ak jabai ƕas þuk stautai bi taihswōn þeina kinnu, wandei imma jah þō anþara.

     But I say unto you, that ye resist not evil: but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. (KJV)

   • Luke 7:9:

     𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌿𐍃 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐍃𐌹𐌺 𐌳𐌿 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌹 𐌰𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐍃𐌹𐍃 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌵𐌰𐌸: 𐌰𐌼𐌴𐌽, 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃, 𐌽𐌹 𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐍃𐍂𐌰𐌴𐌻𐌰 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌱𐌹𐌲𐌰𐍄.

     gahausjands þan þata iēsus sildaleikida ina jah wandjands sik du þizai afarlaistjandein sis managein qaþ: amēn, qiþa izwis, ni in israēla swalauda galaubein bigat.

     When Jesus heard these things, he marvelled at him, and turned him about, and said unto the people that followed him, I say unto you, I have not found so great faith, no, not in Israel. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 wandjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰 wandja	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 wandida	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 wandjada
2nd singular	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 wandeis	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 wandidēs	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 wandjaza
3rd singular	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 wandeiþ	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 wandida	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 wandjada
1st dual	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐍉𐍃 wandjōs	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 wandidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 wandjats	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 wandidēduts	—
1st plural	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌼 wandjam	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 wandidēdum	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 wandjanda
2nd plural	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 wandeiþ	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 wandidēduþ	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 wandjanda
3rd plural	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 wandjand	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 wandidēdun	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 wandjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 wandjau	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 wandidēdjau	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 wandjaidau
2nd singular	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 wandjais	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 wandidēdeis	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 wandjaizau
3rd singular	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹 wandjai	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 wandidēdi	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 wandjaidau
1st dual	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 wandjaiwa	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 wandidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 wandjaits	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 wandidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 wandjaima	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 wandidēdeima	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 wandjaindau
2nd plural	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 wandjaiþ	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 wandidēdeiþ	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 wandjaindau
3rd plural	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 wandjaina	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 wandidēdeina	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 wandjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹 wandei
3rd singular	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 wandjadau
2nd dual	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 wandjats
2nd plural	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 wandeiþ
3rd plural	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 wandjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 wandjands	𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌸𐍃 wandiþs

Derived terms

• 𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (atwandjan)
• 𐌰𐍆𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (afwandjan)
• 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (biwandjan)
• 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gawandjan)
• 𐌹𐌽𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (inwandjan)
• 𐌿𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (uswandjan)

 

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 169