𐰭

𐰭 U+10C2D, 𐰭 OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON ENG ← 𐰬 [U+10C2C] Old Turkic 𐰮 → [U+10C2E]

See also: 𐰮 and 𐰬

Old Turkic

Etymology 1

Letter

𐰭 (ŋ)

1. A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ŋ/.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *eŋ (“superlative suffix”). Cognate with Turkish en.

Adverb

𐰭 (eŋ)

1. Marks a superlative degree (-est).
   • c. 735 CE, 𐰖𐰆𐰞𐰞𐰃𐰍:𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰤 (Yollïġ Tégin), Kül Tégin Inscription E.32:

     𐰭:𐰠𐰚𐰃:𐱃𐰑𐰴𐰣:𐰲𐰆𐰺𐰭:𐰉𐰆𐰔:𐱃𐰍:𐰋𐰃𐰤𐰯:𐱅𐰏𐰓𐰃

     ŋ:l²ki:t¹d¹qn¹:čur¹ŋ:b¹uz:t¹ǧ:b²in²p:t²gd²i

     /Eŋ ilki Tadïḳïn Čorïn boz atïġ binip tegdi./

     First order of business, he mounted Tadïḳ Čor's roan horse and went up [to the enemy.]

References

• Tekin, Talât (1968), “aŋ”, in A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, pages 302-303
• Clauson, Gerard (1972), “eŋ”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 166

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-iŋ. Cognate with Turkish -in

Suffix

𐰭 (-iŋ, -ïŋ, -üŋ, -uŋ, -ŋ)

1. second person singular possessive suffix

   ‎𐰆𐰍𐰞 (uǧl¹ /⁠oɣul⁠/, “child”) + ‎𐰭 (ŋ) → ‎𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰭 (uǧl¹ŋ /⁠oġluŋ⁠/, “your child”)

2. second person singular suffix for certain verb tenses

   ‎-𐰇𐰠 (-ül² /⁠öl-⁠/, “to die”) + ‎𐰭 (ŋ) → ‎𐰇𐰠𐱅𐰭 (ül²t²ŋ /⁠Öltüŋ.⁠/, “You died”)

Alternative forms

• 𐰏- (-ig, -üg, -g) (Orkhon Turkic)
• 𐰍- (-ïɣ, -uɣ, -ɣ) (Orkhon Turkic)

References

• Tekin, Talât (1968), A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 189

Etymology 4

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-iŋ. Cognate with Turkish -in

Suffix

𐰭 (-iŋ, -ïŋ, -ŋ)

1. Suffix forming second person plural imperative

   ‎𐰋𐰃𐰠 (b²il² /⁠bil-⁠/, “to know”) + ‎𐰭 (ŋ) → ‎𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰭 (b²il²ŋ /⁠Biliŋ.⁠/, “You must know!”)

Related terms

• 𐰘𐰤 (-eyin, “first person singular imperative suffix”)
• 𐰏𐰠 (-gil, “second person singular imperative suffix”)
• 𐰠𐰢 (-elim, “first person plural imperative suffix”)
• 𐰕𐰈𐰤 (-zün, “third person imperative suffix”)

References

• Tekin, Talât (1968), A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 187