𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺

Ashokan Prakrit

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-

Proto-Indo-European *-né-

Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ānáHti

Sanskrit जा॒नाति॑ (jānā́ti)

Ashokan Prakrit 𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺

Inherited from Sanskrit जा॒नाति॑ (jānā́ti), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ānáHti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti, from *ǵneh₃- + *-né-. Cognate with Pali jānāti.

Verb

𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati)

1. to know

Alternative forms

Attested at Bairat, Brahmagiri, Calcutta-Bairat, Delhi-Topra, Dhauli, Rupnath and Sahasram.

Dialectal forms of 𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (“to know”)
Variety	Location	Lemmas	Forms edit
Central	Delhi-Topra	𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati)
	Rupnath	𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati)
	Bairat	𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati)
	Sahasram	𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati)
	Calcutta-Bairat	𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati)
East	Dhauli	𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati)
South	Brahmagiri	𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati)

Map of dialectal forms of 𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (“to know”)
𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati) (7)

Descendants

• Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀇 (jāṇaï), 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇 (jāṇāi), 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀤𑀺 (jāṇadi) — Śaurasenī, 𑀬𑀸𑀡𑀤𑀺 (yāṇadi) — Māgadhī
  • Central Indo-Aryan:
    • Eastern Hindi:
      • Awadhi: जानब (jānab)
    • Western Hindi:
      • Hindustani:
        • Hindi: जानना (jānnā)
        • Urdu: جاننا (jānnā)
  • Eastern Indo-Aryan:
    • Bengali-Assamese:
      • Assamese: জানা (zana), জনা (zona)
      • Bengali: জানা (jana)
      • Sylheti: ꠎꠣꠘꠣ (zana)
    • Bihari:
      • Bhojpuri: जानल (jānal)
      • Maithili: जानब (jānab)
    • Odia: ଜାଣିବା (jāṇibā)
  • Insular Indo-Aryan:
    • Dhivehi: ދަންނަނީ (dan̊nanī)
    • Sinhalese: දන්නවා (dannawā)
  • Northern Indo-Aryan:
    • Garhwali: जाण्नु (jāṇnu)
    • Kumaoni: जाण्णो (jāṇṇo)
    • Nepali: जान्नु (jānnu)
  • Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
    • Punjabi: ਜਾਣਨਾ / جاننا (jāṇnā)
    • Sindhi: ڄَاڻَڻُ / ॼाणणु (j̄āṇaṇu)
  • Southern Indo-Aryan:
    • Konkani: जाण्चे / ಜಾಣ್ಚೆ / zannche (jāṇce)
    • Old Marathi: 𑘕𑘰𑘜𑘜𑘹 / जाणणे (jāṇaṇe)
      • Marathi: जाणणे (jāṇṇe)
  • Western Indo-Aryan:
    • Old Gujarati: जाणिवउं (jāṇivaüṃ)
      • Gujarati: જાણવું (jāṇvũ)
      • Marwari: जाणणौ (jāṇṇau)
    • Romani: ʒanel, janel, zsánel, zhanel (Anglicized), džanel (Pan-Vlax)
      • → Romanian: gini (“to notice, to observe, to pay attention to”)

References

• Sen, Sukumar (1960), A Comparative Grammar of Middle Indo-Aryan, Linguistic Society of India, page 146.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “jānāˊti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press