जानाति

See also: जनति and जनता

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• jānāti (Latin script)
• 𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀸𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• জানাতি (Bengali script)
• ජානාති (Sinhalese script)
• ဇာနာတိ or ၹႃၼႃတိ (Burmese script)
• ชานาติ (Thai script)
• ᨩᩣᨶᩣᨲᩥ (Tai Tham script)
• ຊານາຕິ (Lao script)
• ជានាតិ (Khmer script)
• 𑄎𑄂𑄚𑄂𑄖𑄨 (Chakma script)

Verb

जानाति (jānāti)

1. Devanagari script form of jānāti

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• जानीते (jānīte) — ātmanepada

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• জানাতি (Assamese script)
• ᬚᬵᬦᬵᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
• জানাতি (Bengali script)
• 𑰕𑰯𑰡𑰯𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀸𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• ဇာနာတိ (Burmese script)
• જાનાતિ (Gujarati script)
• ਜਾਨਾਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌜𑌾𑌨𑌾𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦗꦴꦤꦴꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂔𑂰𑂢𑂰𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ಜಾನಾತಿ (Kannada script)
• ជានាតិ (Khmer script)
• ຊານາຕິ (Lao script)
• ജാനാതി (Malayalam script)
• ᡯᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠨᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘕𑘰𑘡𑘰𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠽᠠᢗᠨᠠᢗᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦵𑧑𑧁𑧑𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐖𑐵𑐣𑐵𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଜାନାତି (Odia script)
• ꢙꢵꢥꢵꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆘𑆳𑆤𑆳𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖕𑖯𑖡𑖯𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
• ජානාති (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩣𑩛𑩯𑩛𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚑𑚭𑚝𑚭𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
• ஜாநாதி (Tamil script)
• జానాతి (Telugu script)
• ชานาติ (Thai script)
• ཛཱ་ནཱ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒖𑒰𑒢𑒰𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨥𑨊𑨝𑨊𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-

Proto-Indo-European *-né-

Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ānáHti

Sanskrit जानाति

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́ānáHti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ānáHti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti (“to know”), from *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (zānaⁱti), Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎴𐎠𐎿𐎠𐏃𐎹 (x-š-n-a-s-a-h-y /⁠xšnāsāhiy⁠/), Old Church Slavonic знати (znati), Russian знать (znatʹ), Old English cnāwan (whence English know).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɑː.nɑ́ː.ti/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɑː.n̪ɑː.t̪i/

Verb

जा॒नाति॑ • (jānā́ti) third-singular indicative (class 9, type P, present, root ज्ञा)

1. to know, have knowledge, become acquainted with
2. to perceive, apprehend, understand, experience, recognize, ascertain, investigate
3. to know as, know or perceive that, regard or consider as
   1. (with मृषा (mṛṣā)) to consider as untrue
4. to acknowledge, approve, allow
5. to recognize as one's own, take possession of
6. to visit as a friend
7. to remember
8. to engage in
9. to make known, announce, teach anything
10. to inform any one (with genitive) that
11. to request, ask
12. to wish to know or become acquainted with or learn, investigate, examine
13. to wish for information about
14. to conjecture

Conjugation

Present: जा॒नाति॑ (jānā́ti), जा॒नी॒ते (jānīté)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	जा॒नाति॑ jānā́ti	जा॒नी॒तः jānītáḥ	जा॒नन्ति॑ jānánti	जा॒नी॒ते jānīté	जा॒नाते॑ jānā́te	जा॒नते॑ jānáte
Second	जा॒नासि॑ jānā́si	जा॒नी॒थः jānītháḥ	जा॒नी॒थ jānīthá	जा॒नी॒षे jānīṣé	जा॒नाथे॑ jānā́the	जा॒नी॒ध्वे jānīdhvé
First	जा॒नामि॑ jānā́mi	जा॒नी॒वः jānīváḥ	जा॒नी॒मः / जा॒नी॒मसि॑¹ jānīmáḥ / jānīmási¹	जा॒ने jāné	जा॒नी॒वहे॑ jānīváhe	जा॒नी॒महे॑ jānīmáhe
Imperative
Third	जा॒नातु॑ jānā́tu	जा॒नी॒ताम् jānītā́m	जा॒नन्तु॑ jānántu	जा॒नी॒ताम् jānītā́m	जा॒नाता॑म् jānā́tām	जा॒नता॑म् jānátām
Second	जा॒नी॒हि / जा॒नी॒तात्¹ jānīhí / jānītā́t¹	जा॒नी॒तम् jānītám	जा॒नी॒त jānītá	जा॒नी॒ष्व jānīṣvá	जा॒नाथा॑म् jānā́thām	जा॒नी॒ध्वम् jānīdhvám
First	जा॒नानि॑ jānā́ni	जा॒नाव॑ jānā́va	जा॒नाम॑ jānā́ma	जा॒नै jānái	जा॒नाव॑है jānā́vahai	जा॒नाम॑है jānā́mahai
Optative/Potential
Third	जा॒नी॒यात् jānīyā́t	जा॒नी॒याता॑म् jānīyā́tām	जा॒नी॒युः jānīyúḥ	जा॒नी॒त jānītá	जा॒नी॒याता॑म् jānīyā́tām	जा॒नी॒रन् jānīrán
Second	जा॒नी॒याः jānīyā́ḥ	जा॒नी॒यात॑म् jānīyā́tam	जा॒नी॒यात॑ jānīyā́ta	जा॒नी॒थाः jānīthā́ḥ	जा॒नी॒याथा॑म् jānīyā́thām	जा॒नी॒ध्वम् jānīdhvám
First	जा॒नी॒याम् jānīyā́m	जा॒नी॒याव॑ jānīyā́va	जा॒नी॒याम॑ jānīyā́ma	जा॒नी॒य jānīyá	जा॒नी॒वहि॑ jānīváhi	जा॒नी॒महि॑ jānīmáhi
Subjunctive
Third	जा॒नात् / जा॒नाति॑ jānā́t / jānā́ti	जा॒नातः॑ jānā́taḥ	जा॒नान् jānā́n	जा॒नाते॑ / जा॒नातै॑ jānā́te / jānā́tai	जा॒नैते॑ jānáite	जा॒नान्त॑ / जा॒नान्तै॑ jānā́nta / jānā́ntai
Second	जा॒नाः / जा॒नासि॑ jānā́ḥ / jānā́si	जा॒नाथः॑ jānā́thaḥ	जा॒नाथ॑ jānā́tha	जा॒नासे॑ / जा॒नासै॑ jānā́se / jānā́sai	जा॒नैथे॑ jānáithe	जा॒नाध्वे॑ / जा॒नाध्वै॑ jānā́dhve / jānā́dhvai
First	जा॒नानि॑ / जा॒ना jānā́ni / jānā́	जा॒नाव॑ jānā́va	जा॒नाम॑ jānā́ma	जा॒नै jānái	जा॒नाव॑है jānā́vahai	जा॒नाम॑है jānā́mahai
Participles
	जा॒नत् jānát			जा॒ना॒न jānāná
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अजा॑नात् (ájānāt), अजा॑नीत (ájānīta)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अजा॑नात् ájānāt	अजा॑नीताम् ájānītām	अजा॑नन् ájānan	अजा॑नीत ájānīta	अजा॑नाताम् ájānātām	अजा॑नत ájānata
Second	अजा॑नाः ájānāḥ	अजा॑नीतम् ájānītam	अजा॑नीत ájānīta	अजा॑नीथाः ájānīthāḥ	अजा॑नाथाम् ájānāthām	अजा॑नीध्वम् ájānīdhvam
First	अजा॑नाम् ájānām	अजा॑नीव ájānīva	अजा॑नीम ájānīma	अजा॑नि ájāni	अजा॑नीवहि ájānīvahi	अजा॑नीमहि ájānīmahi

Descendants

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Dameli: [script needed] (zān)
  • Kalasha: [script needed] (ǰhonem)
  • Kashmiri: زانُن (zānun)
  • Khowar: ژانک (žaník)
  • Palula: جھون (ǰhōn)
  • Shumashti: [script needed] (zāni)
  • Torwali: جن (ǰan)
• Pali: jānāti
• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati)
  • Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀇 (jāṇaï), 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇 (jāṇāi), 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀤𑀺 (jāṇadi) — Śaurasenī, 𑀬𑀸𑀡𑀤𑀺 (yāṇadi) — Māgadhī
    • Central Indo-Aryan:
      • Eastern Hindi:
        • Awadhi: जानब (jānab)
      • Western Hindi:
        • Hindustani:
          • Hindi: जानना (jānnā)
          • Urdu: جاننا (jānnā)
    • Eastern Indo-Aryan:
      • Bengali-Assamese:
        • Assamese: জানা (zana), জনা (zona)
        • Bengali: জানা (jana)
        • Sylheti: ꠎꠣꠘꠣ (zana)
      • Bihari:
        • Bhojpuri: जानल (jānal)
        • Maithili: जानब (jānab)
      • Odia: ଜାଣିବା (jāṇibā)
    • Insular Indo-Aryan:
      • Dhivehi: ދަންނަނީ (dan̊nanī)
      • Sinhalese: දන්නවා (dannawā)
    • Northern Indo-Aryan:
      • Garhwali: जाण्नु (jāṇnu)
      • Kumaoni: जाण्णो (jāṇṇo)
      • Nepali: जान्नु (jānnu)
    • Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
      • Punjabi: ਜਾਣਨਾ / جاننا (jāṇnā)
      • Sindhi: ڄَاڻَڻُ / ॼाणणु (j̄āṇaṇu)
    • Southern Indo-Aryan:
      • Konkani: जाण्चे / ಜಾಣ್ಚೆ / zannche (jāṇce)
      • Old Marathi: 𑘕𑘰𑘜𑘜𑘹 / जाणणे (jāṇaṇe)
        • Marathi: जाणणे (jāṇṇe)
    • Western Indo-Aryan:
      • Old Gujarati: जाणिवउं (jāṇivaüṃ)
        • Gujarati: જાણવું (jāṇvũ)
        • Marwari: जाणणौ (jāṇṇau)
      • Romani: ʒanel, janel, zsánel, zhanel (Anglicized), džanel (Pan-Vlax)
        • → Romanian: gini (“to notice, to observe, to pay attention to”)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “ज्ञा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 425, column 2.