-ικός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From -κός (-kós) with an added ι from i-stems such as φυσι-κός (phusi-kós, “natural”), through the same process by which -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs) developed from -της (-tēs), occurring in some original case and later used freely. Cognate with Latin -icus and Proto-Germanic *-igaz, from which came Old English -iġ (English -y), Old High German -ig, Gothic -𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃 (-eigs).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /i.kós/ → /iˈkos/ → /iˈkos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /i.kós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /iˈkos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /iˈkos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /iˈkos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /iˈkos/

Suffix

-ῐκός • (-ikós) m (feminine -ῐκή, neuter -ῐκόν); first/second declension

1. Added to noun stems to form adjectives: of or pertaining to, in the manner of; -ic

Inflection

First and second declension of -ῐκός; -ῐκή; -ῐκόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		-ῐκός -ikós	-ῐκή -ikḗ	-ῐκόν -ikón		-ῐκώ -ikṓ	-ῐκᾱ́ -ikā́	-ῐκώ -ikṓ		-ῐκοί -ikoí	-ῐκαί -ikaí	-ῐκᾰ́ -iká
Genitive		-ῐκοῦ -ikoû	-ῐκῆς -ikês	-ῐκοῦ -ikoû		-ῐκοῖν -ikoîn	-ῐκαῖν -ikaîn	-ῐκοῖν -ikoîn		-ῐκῶν -ikôn	-ῐκῶν -ikôn	-ῐκῶν -ikôn
Dative		-ῐκῷ -ikôi	-ῐκῇ -ikêi	-ῐκῷ -ikôi		-ῐκοῖν -ikoîn	-ῐκαῖν -ikaîn	-ῐκοῖν -ikoîn		-ῐκοῖς -ikoîs	-ῐκαῖς -ikaîs	-ῐκοῖς -ikoîs
Accusative		-ῐκόν -ikón	-ῐκήν -ikḗn	-ῐκόν -ikón		-ῐκώ -ikṓ	-ῐκᾱ́ -ikā́	-ῐκώ -ikṓ		-ῐκούς -ikoús	-ῐκᾱ́ς -ikā́s	-ῐκᾰ́ -iká
Vocative		-ῐκέ -iké	-ῐκή -ikḗ	-ῐκόν -ikón		-ῐκώ -ikṓ	-ῐκᾱ́ -ikā́	-ῐκώ -ikṓ		-ῐκοί -ikoí	-ῐκαί -ikaí	-ῐκᾰ́ -iká
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		-ῐκῶς -ikôs				-ῐκώτερος -ikṓteros				-ῐκώτᾰτος -ikṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• -τικός (-tikós, “added to verbal stems”)

Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ικός

References

• Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part III: Formation of Words”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 858