-TSʼĮĮD

Navajo

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *də·tsʼən (“to be bony, hard”). Navajo atsʼin (“bone”) originates from this root.

Root

-TSʼĮĮD

1. to be bony, be hard, be mature, be expert

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
di + ∅	?	S gets bony, hard, expert ditsʼin
(di) + d	adjectival	S is bony, hard, expert deestsʼin daastsʼin (da-, “death”)

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM	-tsʼin	-tsʼįįd	-tsʼįįł	-tsʼįįh	-tsʼin
NEUT	-	-tsʼin	-	-	-

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to be hard:

• -TSʼIN
• -TLʼIS
• -KʼĮH

to mature, ripen:

• -TʼĄ́
• -YĄ́

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TSʼĮĮD (bony)