-WOD
Navajo
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Athabaskan *ɣ̇ʊ̓t’ (“to be bent, curved”). Occurs also in a secondary meaning related to wriggling, jiggling, and by extension, in some Athabaskan languages including Navajo, to being agile and running.
Cognate root found in Ahtna ghotʼ (“bent”), Carrier nəlɣwət (“to wriggle”), nəsɣwət (“to be agile, rapid”).
Occurs in Navajo in two additional extended meanings related to limping and to rocking. The “rock” theme uses a different momentaneous stem set, and might be a different root altogether.
Root
[edit]-WOD
1. to bend, to flex, to disjoint; to limp
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ∅ |
S bends O |
||||||
| ʼa + ni + ł | motion |
|
2. to rock
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ∅ | successive |
S rocks
|
|
3. to run
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (∅ + ł + l) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| l | motion |
S runs |
S runs O |
||||
| l | adjectival |
S is a runner |
Stem set
[edit]| Aspect | Imperfective | Perfective | Future | Iterative | Optative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Momentaneous | -yeed | -wod | -woł | -woʼ | -yeed |
| Momentaneous | -wóód | -wóód | -woł | -woʼ | -wóód |
| Continuative | — | -wod | — | — | — |
| Cursive | -woł | — | — | — | — |
| NEUT/COMP | -woʼ | — | — | — | — |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Synonyms
[edit]to run:
to go swiftly, to dash:
to bend:
to rock:
to shake:
- -DÉÉL (jolt)
- -DZID (pan, bottle)
- -GHÁÁD
- -JĄH (rattle)
- -MÁÁZ (finger, hat)
- -NAAʼ (earth, body)
- -TŁID
- -TSIZ (nervous)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Young, Robert; Morgan, William; Midgette, Sally (1992), Analytical lexicon of Navajo, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, →ISBN, page 647