-WOD

Navajo

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *ɣ̇ʊ̓t’ (“to be bent, curved”). Occurs also in a secondary meaning related to wriggling, jiggling, and by extension, in some Athabaskan languages including Navajo, to being agile and running.

Cognate root found in Ahtna dezghotʼ (“it is bent”), Carrier nəlɣwət (“to wriggle”), nəsɣwət (“to be agile, rapid”).

Occurs in Navajo in two additional extended meanings related to limping and to rocking. The “rock” theme uses a different momentaneous stem set, and might be a different root altogether.

Root

-WOD

  1. to bend, to flex, to disjoint; to limp

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
Ø		S disjoints, bends aháyeed haayeed — niiyeed (ni-MOM) niiyeed (yii-MOM)	S bends O aháłheed — kʼéłheed — niiłheed (yii-MOM)
ʼa + ni + ł	motion	S is lame, limps haʼniłheed naʼniłhod (CONT)

  2. to rock

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
Ø	successive	S rocks — — yiwod (REP)	S rocks O, shakes O neidíníłhóód (ndíní-) naʼiidíníłhóód (ndíʼní-) yiłhod (REP)

  3. to run

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (Ø + ł + l)
l	motion	S runs yilyeed (Ø-MOM) iilyeed dilyeed diilyeed dinilyeed (“stuck”) haalyeed kʼélyeed naalyeed nʼdiilyeed (“breaks loose”) tádílyeed yisdályeed yílyeed (ni-MOM) chʼélyeed niilyeed naasyeed (CONT) (perf. only) yilwoł (PROG)	S runs O                               yiyoołwoł
l	adjectival	S is a runner dilwoʼ

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM	-yeed	-wod	-woł	-woʼ	-yeed
MOM	-wóód	-wóód	-woł	-woʼ	-wóód
CONT / REP	-wod	-wod	-woł	-woʼ	-wod

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to run:

• -CHĄ́Ą́ʼ (2 subjects)
• -JÉÉʼ (3+ subjects)

to go swiftly, to dash:

• -TÁÁL
• -TEEʼ
• -TʼIʼ
• -ZAAL

to bend:

• -DÉÉL
• -JOOL
• -TAAZ
• -YIIZH

Template:mid2 to rock:

• -KAAD
• -YIZ

to shake:

• -DÉÉL (jolt)
• -DZID (pan, bottle)
• -GHÁÁD
• -JĄH (rattle)
• -MÁÁZ (finger, hat)
• -NAAʼ (earth, body)
• -TŁID
• -TSIZ (nervous)

 

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Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -WOD (bend)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -WOD (rock)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -WOD (run)