-lkodik
See also: -lködik
Hungarian
Etymology
-kodik (verb-forming suffix) + -l (verb-forming suffix)[1]
Pronunciation
Suffix
-lkodik
- (verb-forming suffix) Appended to a noun or an adjective to form an intransitive verb indicating that someone behaves as the original word.
- lusta (“lazy”) → lustálkodik (“to laze”)
Conjugation
conjugation of -lkodik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -lkodok | -lkodsz | -lkodik | -lkodunk | -lkodtok | -lkodnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -lkodtam | -lkodtál | -lkodott | -lkodtunk | -lkodtatok | -lkodtak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -lkodni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -lkodék | -lkodál | -lkoda | -lkodánk | -lkodátok | -lkodának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -lkodik vala, -lkodott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -lkodandok | -lkodandasz | -lkodand | -lkodandunk | -lkodandotok | -lkodandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -lkodnék | -lkodnál | -lkodna | -lkodnánk | -lkodnátok | -lkodnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -lkodott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -lkodjak | -lkodj or -lkodjál |
-lkodjon | -lkodjunk | -lkodjatok | -lkodjanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -lkodott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | -lkodni | -lkodnom | -lkodnod | -lkodnia | -lkodnunk | -lkodnotok | -lkodniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| -lkodás | -lkodó | -lkodott | ― | -lkodva (-lkodván) | |||||
potential conjugation of -lkodik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -lkodhatok | -lkodhatsz | -lkodhat | -lkodhatunk | -lkodhattok | -lkodhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -lkodhattam | -lkodhattál | -lkodhatott | -lkodhattunk | -lkodhattatok | -lkodhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -lkodhaték | -lkodhatál | -lkodhata | -lkodhatánk | -lkodhatátok | -lkodhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -lkodhat vala, -lkodhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -lkodhatandok or -lkodandhatok |
-lkodhatandasz or -lkodandhatsz |
-lkodhatand or -lkodandhat |
-lkodhatandunk or -lkodandhatunk |
-lkodhatandotok or -lkodandhattok |
-lkodhatandanak or -lkodandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -lkodhatnék | -lkodhatnál | -lkodhatna | -lkodhatnánk | -lkodhatnátok | -lkodhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -lkodhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -lkodhassak | -lkodhass or -lkodhassál |
-lkodhasson | -lkodhassunk | -lkodhassatok | -lkodhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -lkodhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (-lkodhatni) | (-lkodhatnom) | (-lkodhatnod) | (-lkodhatnia) | (-lkodhatnunk) | (-lkodhatnotok) | (-lkodhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (-lkodhatva / -lkodhatván) | ||||
Usage notes
- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
- -lkodik is added to back-vowel words
- lusta (“lazy”) + -lkodik → lustálkodik (“to laze”)
- -lkedik is added to unrounded front-vowel words
- elme (“mind”) + -lkodik → elmélkedik (“to contemplate”)
- -lködik is added to rounded front-vowel words
- -lkodik is added to back-vowel words
Derived terms
See also
References
- ^ -lkodik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)