ἀκούω
See also: ακούω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *akouhō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti, and cognate with English hear, hark and harken. In this word, the diphthong ου (ou) is genuine (see spurious diphthong on Wikipedia for an explanation).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /a.kǔː.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /aˈku.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /aˈku.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /aˈku.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /aˈku.o/
Verb
ᾰ̓κούω • (akoúō)
- (transitive) I hear Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "means" is not used by this template., Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "means" is not used by this template.
- (transitive) I hear about, learn
- (transitive) I listen, pay attention to, heed
- Ἄκουε τοῦ διδασκάλου!
- Ákoue toû didaskálou!
- Listen to the teacher!
- Νῦν δὲ ἄκουσον με!
- Nûn dè ákouson me!
- Now listen to me!
- (transitive) I understand
- (transitive) I obey
- (passive voice) I am called, am spoken of, am known as
Usage notes
Usually, the object which is heard takes the accusative case, while the speaker, when present, takes the genitive. Sometimes the object is in the genitive, or the person is introduced with a preposition.
Inflection
Attic uses the future middle ἀκούσομαι (akoúsomai), while future active ἀκούσω (akoúsō) appears in Koine.
Present: ᾰ̓κούω, ᾰ̓κούομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἤκουον | ἤκουες | ἤκουε(ν) | ἠκούετον | ἠκουέτην | ἠκούομεν | ἠκούετε | ἤκουον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἠκουόμην | ἠκούου | ἠκούετο | ἠκούεσθον | ἠκουέσθην | ἠκουόμεθᾰ | ἠκούεσθε | ἠκούοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾰ̓́κουον | ᾰ̓́κουες | ᾰ̓́κουε(ν) | ᾰ̓κούετον | ᾰ̓κουέτην | ᾰ̓κούομεν | ᾰ̓κούετε | ᾰ̓́κουον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ᾰ̓κουόμην | ᾰ̓κούου | ᾰ̓κούετο | ᾰ̓κούεσθον | ᾰ̓κουέσθην | ᾰ̓κουόμε(σ)θᾰ | ᾰ̓κούεσθε | ᾰ̓κούοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect: ᾰ̓κήκοᾰ
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾰ̓κήκοᾰ | ᾰ̓κήκοᾰς | ᾰ̓κήκοε(ν) | ᾰ̓κηκόᾰτον | ᾰ̓κηκόᾰτον | ᾰ̓κηκόᾰμεν | ᾰ̓κηκόᾰτε | ᾰ̓κηκόᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ᾰ̓κηκόω | ᾰ̓κηκόῃς | ᾰ̓κηκόῃ | ᾰ̓κηκόητον | ᾰ̓κηκόητον | ᾰ̓κηκόωμεν | ᾰ̓κηκόητε | ᾰ̓κηκόωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ᾰ̓κηκόοιμῐ, ᾰ̓κηκοοίην |
ᾰ̓κηκόοις, ᾰ̓κηκοοίης |
ᾰ̓κηκόοι, ᾰ̓κηκοοίη |
ᾰ̓κηκόοιτον | ᾰ̓κηκοοίτην | ᾰ̓κηκόοιμεν | ᾰ̓κηκόοιτε | ᾰ̓κηκόοιεν | |||||
imperative | ᾰ̓κήκοε | ᾰ̓κηκοέτω | ᾰ̓κηκόετον | ᾰ̓κηκοέτων | ᾰ̓κηκόετε | ᾰ̓κηκοόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ᾰ̓κηκοέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ᾰ̓κηκοώς | |||||||||||
f | ᾰ̓κηκουῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ᾰ̓κηκοός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἄκουκᾰ | ἄκουκᾰς | ἄκουκε(ν) | ἀκούκᾰτον | ἀκούκᾰτον | ἀκούκᾰμες | ἀκούκᾰτε | ἀκουκᾰ́τι, ἀκούκᾰντῐ | ||||
subjunctive | ἀκούκω | ἀκούκῃς | ἀκούκῃ | ἀκούκητον | ἀκούκητον | ἀκούκωμες | ἀκούκητε | ἀκούκωντῐ | |||||
optative | ἀκούκοιμῐ, ἀκουκοίην |
ἀκούκοις, ἀκουκοίης |
ἀκούκοι, ἀκουκοίη |
ἀκούκοιτον | ἀκουκοίτᾱν | ἀκούκοιμες | ἀκούκοιτε | ἀκούκοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἄκουκε | ἀκουκέτω | ἀκούκετον | ἀκουκέτων | ἀκούκετε | ἀκουκόντω | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἀκουκέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἀκουκώς | |||||||||||
f | ἀκουκυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ἀκουκός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | indicative | ἤκουκᾰ | ἤκουκᾰς | ἤκουκε(ν) | ἠκούκᾰτον | ἠκούκᾰτον | ἠκούκᾰμεν | ἠκούκᾰτε | ἠκούκᾱσῐ(ν) |
subjunctive | ἠκούκω | ἠκούκῃς | ἠκούκῃ | ἠκούκητον | ἠκούκητον | ἠκούκωμεν | ἠκούκητε | ἠκούκωσῐ(ν) | |
optative | ἠκούκοιμῐ, ἠκουκοίην |
ἠκούκοις, ἠκουκοίης |
ἠκούκοι, ἠκουκοίη |
ἠκούκοιτον | ἠκουκοίτην | ἠκούκοιμεν | ἠκούκοιτε | ἠκούκοιεν | |
imperative | ἤκουκε | ἠκουκέτω | ἠκούκετον | ἠκουκέτων | ἠκούκετε | ἠκουκόντων | |||
active | |||||||||
infinitive | ἠκουκέναι | ||||||||
participle | m | ἠκουκώς | |||||||
f | ἠκουκυῖᾰ | ||||||||
n | ἠκουκός |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾰ̓κήκουκᾰ | ᾰ̓κήκουκᾰς | ᾰ̓κήκουκε(ν) | ᾰ̓κηκούκᾰτον | ᾰ̓κηκούκᾰτον | ᾰ̓κηκούκᾰμεν | ᾰ̓κηκούκᾰτε | ᾰ̓κηκούκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ᾰ̓κηκούκω | ᾰ̓κηκούκῃς | ᾰ̓κηκούκῃ | ᾰ̓κηκούκητον | ᾰ̓κηκούκητον | ᾰ̓κηκούκωμεν | ᾰ̓κηκούκητε | ᾰ̓κηκούκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ᾰ̓κηκούκοιμῐ, ᾰ̓κηκουκοίην |
ᾰ̓κηκούκοις, ᾰ̓κηκουκοίης |
ᾰ̓κηκούκοι, ᾰ̓κηκουκοίη |
ᾰ̓κηκούκοιτον | ᾰ̓κηκουκοίτην | ᾰ̓κηκούκοιμεν | ᾰ̓κηκούκοιτε | ᾰ̓κηκούκοιεν | |||||
imperative | ᾰ̓κήκουκε | ᾰ̓κηκουκέτω | ᾰ̓κηκούκετον | ᾰ̓κηκουκέτων | ᾰ̓κηκούκετε | ᾰ̓κηκουκόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ᾰ̓κηκουκέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ᾰ̓κηκουκώς | |||||||||||
f | ᾰ̓κηκουκυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ᾰ̓κηκουκός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: ᾰ̓κηκόειν
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾰ̓κηκόειν, ᾰ̓κηκόη |
ᾰ̓κηκόεις, ᾰ̓κηκόης |
ᾰ̓κηκόει(ν) | ᾰ̓κηκόετον | ᾰ̓κηκοέτην | ᾰ̓κηκόεμεν | ᾰ̓κηκόετε | ᾰ̓κηκόεσᾰν | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἠκηκόειν, ἠκηκόη |
ἠκηκόεις, ἠκηκόης |
ἠκηκόει(ν) | ἠκηκόετον | ἠκηκοέτην | ἠκηκόεμεν | ἠκηκόετε | ἠκηκόεσᾰν | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Descendants
- Greek: ακούω (akoúo)
Derived terms
References
- “ἀκούω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἀκούω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἀκούω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἀκούω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἀκούω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G191 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ew- (perceive)
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eḱ-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek transitive verbs
- Ancient Greek terms with usage examples
- grc:Hearing