բակ

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Armenian

Etymology

From Old Armenian բակ (bak).

Pronunciation

Noun

բակ (bak)

  1. court; yard, courtyard
    Synonym: (informal) հայաթ (hayatʻ)

Declension

i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian)
singular plural
nominative բակ (bak) բակեր (baker)
dative բակի (baki) բակերի (bakeri)
ablative բակից (bakicʻ) բակերից (bakericʻ)
instrumental բակով (bakov) բակերով (bakerov)
locative բակում (bakum) բակերում (bakerum)
definite forms
nominative բակը/բակն (bakə/bakn) բակերը/բակերն (bakerə/bakern)
dative բակին (bakin) բակերին (bakerin)
1st person possessive forms (my)
nominative բակս (baks) բակերս (bakers)
dative բակիս (bakis) բակերիս (bakeris)
ablative բակիցս (bakicʻs) բակերիցս (bakericʻs)
instrumental բակովս (bakovs) բակերովս (bakerovs)
locative բակումս (bakums) բակերումս (bakerums)
2nd person possessive forms (your)
nominative բակդ (bakd) բակերդ (bakerd)
dative բակիդ (bakid) բակերիդ (bakerid)
ablative բակիցդ (bakicʻd) բակերիցդ (bakericʻd)
instrumental բակովդ (bakovd) բակերովդ (bakerovd)
locative բակումդ (bakumd) բակերումդ (bakerumd)

Old Armenian

Etymology

According to Ačaṙean, a Kartvelian borrowing: compare Old Georgian ბაკი (baḳi, hedged pen for cattle; yard; moon halo), Laz ბაკი (baǩi, stable).[1] Similar words are found in other languages of the Caucasus: Svan ქარბა̈კ (karbäḳ), Kabardian бэкхъ (bɛqχ), Abaza бакъ (baqʼ, cowshed), Avar бокь (bokkˡʼ), Chamalal бекь (bekkˡʼ), Godoberi бекьи, Karata бекье, Akhvakh бекьо (bekkˡʼo, stable, stall)

Martirosyan prefers derivation from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (to divide, distribute, allot), either as an inheritance or a borrowing from the Proto-Indo-Iranian cognate *bʰāgá- (portion, share, allotment).[2] The sense development is ‘landed allotment, encircled estate’ → ‘courtyard’. If this etymology is correct, the Kartvelian words are borrowed from Armenian.

For the semantic shift ‘courtyard, pen’ → ‘halo’, Martirosyan compares Turkish ağıl (overnight sheep pen; moon halo), Hittite [script needed] (Éḫīla-, courtyard; halo).[2] Other typological parallels are Ancient Greek ἅλως (hálōs, threshing floor with its surrounding threshold; halo), German Hof (yard; halo), Hungarian udvar (yard, court, courtyard; halo, corona (around the moon)), Lithuanian dar̃žas (garden; paddock; moon halo).

Noun

բակ (bak)

  1. courtyard
  2. sheepfold
  3. halo around the sun or moon
    Synonym: կալ (kal)
  4. sun-disk
  5. distance between two stars
  6. circumference, round, circuit
    բակ առնուլ, ունել, արկանելbak aṙnul, unel, arkanelto encompass, to surround, to begird

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Armenian: բակ (bak)

References

  1. ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “բակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
  2. 2.0 2.1 Martirosyan, Hrach (2013) “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship[1], number 10, page 99

Further reading

  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “բակ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “բակ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy