شجرة

See also: سحرة

Arabic

Etymology

Singulative noun composed of شَجَر (šajar, “trees”) +‎ ـَة (-a).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃa.d͡ʒa.ra/
  • IPA^(key): /ʃaʒ.ra/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

شَجَرَة • (šajara) f (singulative, collective شَجَر m (šajar), dual شَجَرَتَان (šajaratān), plural أَشْجَار (ʔašjār), paucal شَجَرَات (šajarāt))

1. tree

   أَوَّلُ الشَّجَرَةِ بَذْرَةٌ.

   ʔawwalu aš-šajarati baḏratun.

   The tree begins with a seed.

2. shrub, bush
   • 975–997, محمد بن أحمد الخوارزمي [muḥammad ibn ʕaḥmad al-ḵwārizmī], edited by Gerlof van Vloten, مفاتيح العلوم [mafātīḥ al-ʕulūm], Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1895, pages 170 line 9–171 line 1:

     لَاعِيَة شجرة تنبت في سفح الجبال لها ورق طيّب الرِيح تجرسه النَحْل وله لبن غزير إذا قطِعَت

     Green spurge or sun spurge is a shrub which grows on the surfaces of mountains, it has good-smelling leaves sucked by bees and copious milk when slit.

Declension

Declension of noun شَجَرَة (šajara)

Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَجَرَة šajara	الشَّجَرَة aš-šajara	شَجَرَة šajarat
Nominative	شَجَرَةٌ šajaratun	الشَّجَرَةُ aš-šajaratu	شَجَرَةُ šajaratu
Accusative	شَجَرَةً šajaratan	الشَّجَرَةَ aš-šajarata	شَجَرَةَ šajarata
Genitive	شَجَرَةٍ šajaratin	الشَّجَرَةِ aš-šajarati	شَجَرَةِ šajarati
Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَجَر šajar	الشَّجَر aš-šajar	شَجَر šajar
Nominative	شَجَرٌ šajarun	الشَّجَرُ aš-šajaru	شَجَرُ šajaru
Accusative	شَجَرًا šajaran	الشَّجَرَ aš-šajara	شَجَرَ šajara
Genitive	شَجَرٍ šajarin	الشَّجَرِ aš-šajari	شَجَرِ šajari
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَجَرَتَيْن šajaratayn	الشَّجَرَتَيْن aš-šajaratayn	شَجَرَتَيْ šajaratay
Nominative	شَجَرَتَانِ šajaratāni	الشَّجَرَتَانِ aš-šajaratāni	شَجَرَتَا šajaratā
Accusative	شَجَرَتَيْنِ šajaratayni	الشَّجَرَتَيْنِ aš-šajaratayni	شَجَرَتَيْ šajaratay
Genitive	شَجَرَتَيْنِ šajaratayni	الشَّجَرَتَيْنِ aš-šajaratayni	شَجَرَتَيْ šajaratay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَجَرَات šajarāt	الشَّجَرَات aš-šajarāt	شَجَرَات šajarāt
Nominative	شَجَرَاتٌ šajarātun	الشَّجَرَاتُ aš-šajarātu	شَجَرَاتُ šajarātu
Accusative	شَجَرَاتٍ šajarātin	الشَّجَرَاتِ aš-šajarāti	شَجَرَاتِ šajarāti
Genitive	شَجَرَاتٍ šajarātin	الشَّجَرَاتِ aš-šajarāti	شَجَرَاتِ šajarāti
Plural of variety	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَشْجَار ʔašjār	الْأَشْجَار al-ʔašjār	أَشْجَار ʔašjār
Nominative	أَشْجَارٌ ʔašjārun	الْأَشْجَارُ al-ʔašjāru	أَشْجَارُ ʔašjāru
Accusative	أَشْجَارًا ʔašjāran	الْأَشْجَارَ al-ʔašjāra	أَشْجَارَ ʔašjāra
Genitive	أَشْجَارٍ ʔašjārin	الْأَشْجَارِ al-ʔašjāri	أَشْجَارِ ʔašjāri

Derived terms

• شَجَرَةْ نَسَب (šajarat nasab, “genealogical tree”)

Descendants

• Gulf Arabic: شيرة (šyara)
• Maltese: siġra
• → Azerbaijani: şəcərə
• → Bashkir: шәжәрә (şəjərə)
• → Chagatai: شجره
  • Uyghur: شەجەرە (shejere)
  • Uzbek: shajara
• → Hindi: शजरा (śajrā)
• → Indonesian: sejarah (“history”)
• → Kazakh: шежіре (şejıre)
• → Malay: syajarat
• → Ottoman Turkish: شجره (şecere), շէճէրէ (şecere) — Armeno-Turkish
  • Turkish: şecere
• → Persian: شجره (šajare)
  • → Urdu: شجرہ (śajarā)

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979) “شجر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

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South Levantine Arabic

Root
ش ج ر
2 terms

Alternative forms

• سجرة (sajara, Galilee)

Etymology

From Arabic شَجَرَة (šajara).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃa.ʒa.re/, [ˈʃa.ʒɑ.rˤɑ]
• IPA^(key): /ʃa.ʒa.ra/, [ˈʃa.ʒɑ.rˤɑ]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

شجرة • (šajara) f (singulative, collective شجر m (šajar), paucal شجرات (šajarāt))

1. tree

See also

• غابة (ḡābe, “forest”), حرش (ḥurš, “forest, wood”)