Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/sáynaH

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

*sáynaH f

1. army, troop
2. horde, band (of invaders, attackers)

Declension

aH-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sáynaH	*sáynay	*sáynās
vocative	*sáynay	*sáynay	*sáynās
accusative	*sáynām	*sáynay	*sáynās
instrumental	*sáynayaH	*sáynaHbʰyā(m)	*sáynaHbʰiš
ablative	*sáynayaHs	*sáynaHbʰyā(m)	*sáynaHbʰyas
dative	*sáynayaHy	*sáynaHbʰyā(m)	*sáynaHbʰyas
genitive	*sáynayaHs	*sáynāyās	*sáynaHnām
locative	*sáynayaH(m)	*sáynāyaw	*sáynaHsu

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sáynaH (“army, troop”)
  • Sanskrit: सेना (sénā)
    • → Hindi: सेना (senā)
    • → Bengali: সেনা (śena), সৈন্য (śōinno)
    • → Marathi: सेना (senā)
    • → Kannada: ಸೈನೆ (saine)
    • → Malayalam: സേന (sēna)
    • → Indonesian: sena
• Proto-Iranian: *háynaH (“hostile army”)
  • Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁 (haēnā, “hostile army”)
  • Khotanese: [script needed] (hīñi)
  • Old Persian: 𐏃𐎡𐎴𐎠 (h-i-n-a /⁠hainaʰ⁠/, “hostile army”)
    • Middle Persian:

      Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (hyyn)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hyn' /⁠hēn⁠/)

      • → Old Armenian: հէն (hēn)