सेना

See also: सन, सुन, सानो, सीना, सूनु, सोना, and सोने

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सेना (sénā).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /seː.nɑː/, [s̪eː.n̪äː]

Noun

सेना • (senā) f (Urdu spelling سینا‎)

1. army, military, body of troops

   शत्रु ने दोनों सेनाओं को हरा दिया।

   śatru ne donõ senāõ ko harā diyā.

   The enemy defeated both the armies.

   Synonym: फ़ौज (fauj)

Declension

Declension of सेना (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	सेना senā	सेनाएँ senāẽ
oblique	सेना senā	सेनाओं senāõ
vocative	सेना senā	सेनाओ senāo

Synonyms

• फ़ौज (fauj)

Derived terms

• सेनापति (senāpti)
• सैनिक (sainik)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “सेना”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

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Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सेना (sénā).

Noun

सेना • (senā) f

1. army

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Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• senā (Latin script)
• 𑀲𑁂𑀦𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• সেনা (Bengali script)
• සෙනා (Sinhalese script)
• သေနာ or သေၼႃ (Burmese script)
• เสนา (Thai script)
• ᩈᩮᨶᩣ (Tai Tham script)
• ເສນາ (Lao script)
• សេនា (Khmer script)

Noun

सेना f

1. Devanagari script form of senā (“army”)

Declension

Declension table of "सेना" (feminine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	सेना (senā)	सेनायो (senāyo) or सेना (senā)
Accusative (second)	सेनं (senaṃ)	सेनायो (senāyo) or सेना (senā)
Instrumental (third)	सेनाय (senāya)	सेनाहि (senāhi) or सेनाभि (senābhi)
Dative (fourth)	सेनाय (senāya)	सेनानं (senānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	सेनाय (senāya)	सेनाहि (senāhi) or सेनाभि (senābhi)
Genitive (sixth)	सेनाय (senāya)	सेनानं (senānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	सेनाय (senāya) or सेनायं (senāyaṃ)	सेनासु (senāsu)
Vocative (calling)	सेने (sene)	सेनायो (senāyo) or सेना (senā)

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Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• सेन (sena) – at the end of a compound

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ᬲᬾᬦᬵ (Balinese script)
• সেনা (Assamese script)
• সেনা (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰸𑰡𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑁂𑀦𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• 𑌸𑍇𑌨𑌾 (Grantha script)
• સેના (Gujarati script)
• ꦱꦺꦤꦴ (Javanese script)
• សេនា (Khmer script)
• ಸೇನಾ (Kannada script)
• ເສນາ (Lao script)
• 𑘭𑘹𑘡𑘰 (Modi script)
• သေနာ (Burmese script)
• 𑧍𑧚𑧁𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑐾𑐣𑐵 (Newa script)
• ସେନା (Oriya script)
• ꢱꢾꢥꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑆼𑆤𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖸𑖡𑖯 (Siddham script)
• సేనా (Telugu script)
• เสนา (Thai script)
• སེནཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑒹𑒢𑒰 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáynaH (“army”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁‎ (haēnā, “hostile army”), Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎴𐎠 (h-i-n-a /hainā/, “hostile army”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɐ́j.nɑː/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪eː.n̪ɑː/

Noun

सेना • (sénā) f

1. an army, armament, battle-array, armed force
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.33.11:

     मृळा जरित्रे रुद्र स्तवानोऽन्यं ते अस्मन्नि वपन्तु सेनाः ॥

     mṛḷā jaritre rudra stavāno’nyaṃ te asmanni vapantu senāḥ .

     O exalted Rudra, be gracious to the singer of thy hymns; let thy armies spare us and smite down someone else.

2. missile, dart, spear
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
3. name of Indra's wife (or his thunderbolt so personified)
   • c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā)
   • c. 700 BCE – 500 BCE, Aitareya Brāhmaṇa
4. any drilled troop or band or body of men (Bālar.)
5. a kind of title or addition to the names of persons (also names of courtezans) (Sāh.; compare Pāṇ. 4-1, 152 etc.)
6. name of a courtesan (abridged from कुबेरसेना (kubera-senā)) (HPariś.)

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of सेना (sénā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सेना sénā	सेने séne	सेनाः sénāḥ
Vocative	सेने séne	सेने séne	सेनाः sénāḥ
Accusative	सेनाम् sénām	सेने séne	सेनाः sénāḥ
Instrumental	सेनया / सेना¹ sénayā / sénā¹	सेनाभ्याम् sénābhyām	सेनाभिः sénābhiḥ
Dative	सेनायै sénāyai	सेनाभ्याम् sénābhyām	सेनाभ्यः sénābhyaḥ
Ablative	सेनायाः sénāyāḥ	सेनाभ्याम् sénābhyām	सेनाभ्यः sénābhyaḥ
Genitive	सेनायाः sénāyāḥ	सेनयोः sénayoḥ	सेनानाम् sénānām
Locative	सेनायाम् sénāyām	सेनयोः sénayoḥ	सेनासु sénāsu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀸 (seṇā)
• Pali: senā

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “सेना”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 1246.