सेना

See also: सन, सुन, सानो, सीना, सूनु, सोना, and सोने

Hindi

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /seː.nɑː/, [seː.näː]

Etymology 1

Hindi Wikipedia has an article on:

सेना

Wikipedia ^hi

Borrowed from Sanskrit सेना (sénā).

Noun

सेना • (senā) f (Urdu spelling سینا)

army, military, body of troops
Synonym: फ़ौज (fauj)

शत्रु ने दोनों सेनाओं को हरा दिया।
śatru ne donõ senāõ ko harā diyā.
The enemy defeated both the armies.

Declension

Declension of *सेना* (fem ā-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	सेना senā	सेनाएँ senāẽ
oblique	सेना senā	सेनाओं senāõ
vocative	सेना senā	सेनाओ senāo

Synonyms

फ़ौज (fauj)

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑁂𑀡𑁆𑀡 (seṇṇa, “soldier, army”), from Sanskrit सैन्य (sainya, “soldier”), a vṛddhi derivative of सेना (senā, “army”), for which see the above entry.

Noun

सेना • (senā) m

commander of a body of troops
(historical) a village revenue-collector

Declension

Declension of *सेना* (masc ā-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	सेना senā	सेने sene
oblique	सेने sene	सेनों senõ
vocative	सेने sene	सेनो seno

Related terms

सेनानी (senānī, “commander”)

References

Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “सेना”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 5272
Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “सेना”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 831
McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “सेना”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 1038
Bahri, Hardev (1989), “सेना”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 674.

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सेना (sénā).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /se.na/
Hyphenation: से‧ना
Rhymes: -a

Noun

सेना • (senā) f

army
Synonyms: फौज (phauj), लष्कर (laṣkar)
(informal) military
Synonyms: सशस्त्र सेना (saśastra senā), सैन्य (sainya)

Declension

Declension of सेना (fem ā-stem)
direct singular	सेना senā
direct plural	सेना senā
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	सेना senā	सेना senā
oblique सामान्यरूप	सेने sene	सेनां- senān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	सेनेला senelā	सेनांना senānnā
ergative	सेनेने, सेनेनं senene, senena	सेनांनी senānnī
instrumental	सेनेशी seneśī	सेनांशी senānśī
locative सप्तमी	सेनेत senet	सेनांत senāt
vocative संबोधन	सेने sene	सेनांनो senānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of सेना (fem ā-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	सेनेचा seneċā	सेनेचे seneċe	सेनेची senecī	सेनेच्या senecā	सेनेचे, सेनेचं seneċe, seneċa	सेनेची senecī	सेनेच्या senecā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	सेनांचा senānċā	सेनांचे senānċe	सेनांची senāñcī	सेनांच्या senāncā	सेनांचे, सेनांचं senānċe, senānċa	सेनांची senāñcī	सेनांच्या senāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

सेनांग (senāṅga)
सेनापती (senāptī)

References

Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “सेना”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “सेना”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

senā (Latin script)
𑀲𑁂𑀦𑀸 (Brahmi script)
সেনা (Bengali script)
සෙනා (Sinhalese script)
သေနာ or သေၼႃ (Burmese script)
เสนา (Thai script)
ᩈᩮᨶᩣ (Tai Tham script)
ເສນາ (Lao script)
សេនា (Khmer script)
𑄥𑄬𑄚𑄂 (Chakma script)

Noun

सेना f

Devanagari script form of senā (“army”)

Declension

Declension table of "सेना" (feminine)

Case / Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	सेना (senā)	सेनायो (senāyo) or सेना (senā)
Accusative (second)	सेनं (senaṃ)	सेनायो (senāyo) or सेना (senā)
Instrumental (third)	सेनाय (senāya)	सेनाहि (senāhi) or सेनाभि (senābhi)
Dative (fourth)	सेनाय (senāya)	सेनानं (senānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	सेनाय (senāya)	सेनाहि (senāhi) or सेनाभि (senābhi)
Genitive (sixth)	सेनाय (senāya)	सेनानं (senānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	सेनाय (senāya) or सेनायं (senāyaṃ)	सेनासु (senāsu)
Vocative (calling)	सेने (sene)	सेनायो (senāyo) or सेना (senā)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

सेन (sena) — at the end of a compound

Alternative scripts

সেনা (Assamese script)
ᬲᬾᬦᬵ (Balinese script)
সেনা (Bengali script)
𑰭𑰸𑰡𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀲𑁂𑀦𑀸 (Brahmi script)
သေနာ (Burmese script)
સેના (Gujarati script)
ਸੇਨਾ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌸𑍇𑌨𑌾 (Grantha script)
ꦱꦺꦤꦴ (Javanese script)
𑂮𑂵𑂢𑂰 (Kaithi script)
ಸೇನಾ (Kannada script)
សេនា (Khmer script)
ເສນາ (Lao script)
സേനാ (Malayalam script)
ᠰᡝᠨᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
𑘭𑘹𑘡𑘰 (Modi script)
ᠰᠧᠨᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧍𑧚𑧁𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
𑐳𑐾𑐣𑐵 (Newa script)
ସେନା (Odia script)
ꢱꢾꢥꢵ (Saurashtra script)
𑆱𑆼𑆤𑆳 (Sharada script)
𑖭𑖸𑖡𑖯 (Siddham script)
සෙනා (Sinhalese script)
𑪁𑩔𑩯𑩛 (Soyombo script)
𑚨𑚲𑚝𑚭 (Takri script)
ஸேநா (Tamil script)
సేనా (Telugu script)
เสนา (Thai script)
སེ་ནཱ (Tibetan script)
𑒮𑒹𑒢𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
𑨰𑨄𑨝𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáynaH (“army”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁 (haēnā, “hostile army”), Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎴𐎠 (h-i-n-a /⁠hainā⁠/, “hostile army”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɐ́j.nɑː/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪eː.n̪ɑː/

Noun

सेना॑ • (sénā) stem, f

an army, armament, battle-array, armed force, troops
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.33.11:
  स्तु॒हि श्रु॒तं ग॑र्त॒सदं॒ युवा॑नं मृ॒गं न भी॒मम् उ॑पह॒त्नुम् उ॒ग्रम् ।
  मृ॒ळा ज॑रि॒त्रे रु॑द्र॒ स्तवा॑नो॒ ऽन्यं ते॑ अ॒स्मन् नि व॑पन्तु॒ सेनाः॑ ॥
  stuhí śrutáṃ gartasádaṃ yúvānaṃ mṛgáṃ ná bhīmám upahatnúm ugrám.
  mṛḷā́ jaritré rudra stávāno ʼnyáṃ te asmán ní vapantu sénāḥ.
  Praise him, the famous one, the chariot-borne, the youthful one, the one who slays like a fearsome wild beast, the fierce one.
  O Rudra, praised, be gracious to the one who sings your hymns and let your troops spare us and strike down someone else.
missile, dart, spear
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
name of Indra's wife (or his thunderbolt so personified)
- c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā)
- c. 700 BCE – 500 BCE, Aitareya Brāhmaṇa
any drilled troop or band or body of men (Bālar.)
a kind of title or addition to the names of persons (also names of courtezans) (Sāh.; compare Pāṇ. 4-1, 152 etc.)
name of a courtesan (abridged from कुबेरसेना (kubera-senā)) (HPariś.)

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of सेना॑
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	सेना॑ (sénā)	सेने॑ (séne)	सेनाः॑ (sénāḥ)
accusative	सेना॑म् (sénām)	सेने॑ (séne)	सेनाः॑ (sénāḥ)
instrumental	सेन॑या (sénayā) सेना॑¹ (sénā¹)	सेना॑भ्याम् (sénābhyām)	सेना॑भिः (sénābhiḥ)
dative	सेना॑यै (sénāyai)	सेना॑भ्याम् (sénābhyām)	सेना॑भ्यः (sénābhyaḥ)
ablative	सेना॑याः (sénāyāḥ) सेना॑यै² (sénāyai²)	सेना॑भ्याम् (sénābhyām)	सेना॑भ्यः (sénābhyaḥ)
genitive	सेना॑याः (sénāyāḥ) सेना॑यै² (sénāyai²)	सेन॑योः (sénayoḥ)	सेना॑नाम् (sénānām)
locative	सेना॑याम् (sénāyām)	सेन॑योः (sénayoḥ)	सेना॑सु (sénāsu)
vocative	सेने॑ (séne)	सेने॑ (séne)	सेनाः॑ (sénāḥ)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀸 (seṇā)
Pali: senā
→ Hindi: सेना (senā)
→ Bengali: সেনা (śena)
→ Marathi: सेना (senā)
→ Kannada: ಸೇನೆ (sēne)
→ Malayalam: സേന (sēna)
→ Indonesian: sena
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਸੈਨਾ (sainā)

Shahmukhi script: سينا (sainā)
→ Old Tamil: 𑀘𑁂𑀷𑁃 (cēṉai)
- Tamil: சேனை (cēṉai)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “सेना”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1246.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “sénā- sebhu-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 746