gairid

Irish

Alternative forms

• geairid (Munster)
• goirid (Ulster)

Etymology

From Old Irish garait (“short”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡaɾʲədʲ/
• IPA^(key): /ˈɡɨ̞ɾʲədʲ/, /ˈɡɛɾʲədʲ/ (corresponding to the form goirid)

Adjective

gairid (genitive singular masculine gairid, genitive singular feminine gairide, plural gairide, comparative gairide)

1. short (having a small distance between ends or edges; having little duration)

Declension

Declension of gairid

	Singular		Plural (m/f)
Positive	Masculine	Feminine	(strong noun)	(weak noun)
Nominative	gairid	ghairid	gairide; ghairide²
Vocative	ghairid		gairide
Genitive		gairide	gairide	gairid
Dative	gairid; ghairid¹	ghairid	gairide; ghairide²
Comparative	níos gairide
Superlative	is gairide

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Synonyms

• gearr

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
gairid	ghairid	ngairid
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gairid”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

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Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *garyeti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r-; cognate with Latin garriō (“chatter”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡarʲiðʲ/

Verb

gairid (conjunct ·gair, verbal noun gairm)

1. to call
   • c. 750-800 Torche na nDessi from Laud 610, published in "The Expulsion of the Déssi", Ériu 3 (1907), edited by Kuno Meyer, pp. 135-142, line 171

     "Gairthir [Congraid, Rawl.] damsa tra," ar Lugith, "bar n-drúidi .i. Droch ⁊ Cecht." Con·gairter dó.

     "Call to me, then," Lugaid said, "all your druids, including Droch and Cecht." They were called to him.

   • c. 775, “Táin Bó Fraích”, in Book of Leinster; republished as Ernst Windisch, editor, Táin bó Fraích, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1974, line 262:

     "Gairid damsa Findabair!", ol sé. Do·tháet Findabair cucai, ⁊ coíca ingen impe.

     "Call Findabair over to me!" [Ailill] said. Findabair came to [Ailill], with fifty maidens around her.

   Synonym: do·gair

Inflection

Simple, class B II present, t preterite, é future, a subjunctive

		1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive sg.	Passive pl.
Present indicative	Abs.	gairiu, gairim	gairi	gairid	gairmi	gairthe	gairit
	Conj.	·gairiu, gairim	·gairi	·gair	·gairem	·gairid	·gairet
	Rel.
Imperfect indicative
Preterite	Abs.
	Conj.
	Rel.
Perfect	Deut.
	Prot.
Future	Abs.
	Conj.
	Rel.
Conditional
Present subjunctive	Abs.
	Conj.
	Rel.
Past subjunctive
Imperative						gairid		gairthir
Verbal noun		gairm
Past participle
Verbal of necessity

Derived terms

• ad·gair
• ar·focair
• ar·gair
• as·congair
• con·gair
• do·airngir
• do·gair
• do·imgair
• do·ingair
• du·acair
• for·congair
• for·dingair
• fo·úacair
• fris·gair
• imm·freccair

 

Descendants

• Middle Irish: gairid
  • Irish: gair
  • Scottish Gaelic: goir

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
gairid	gairid pronounced with /ɣ(ʲ)-/	ngairid
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gairid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 533