Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/orbota

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *arbatā. Morphologically from *orbъ +‎ *-ota. Similar to Proto-Germanic *arbaidiz (“labour; hardship”), but with a different suffix.

Noun

*orbòta f

1. work

Inflection

Declension of *orbota (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*orbota	*orbotě	*orboty
genitive	*orboty	*orbotu	*orbotъ
dative	*orbotě	*orbotama	*orbotamъ
accusative	*orbotǫ	*orbotě	*orboty
instrumental	*orbotojǫ, *orbotǫ**	*orbotama	*orbotami
locative	*orbotě	*orbotu	*orbotasъ, *orbotaxъ*
vocative	*orboto	*orbotě	*orboty

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

• *orbъ

Derived terms

• *orboťь
• *orbotьlivъ
• *orbotьnikъ

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: робота (robota)
    • Belarusian: рабо́та (rabóta)
    • Russian: рабо́та (rabóta), робо́та (robóta) (dialectal)
    • Carpathian Rusyn: робота (robota)
    • Ukrainian: робо́та (robóta)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: работа (rabota)

    Glagolitic script: ⱃⰰⰱⱁⱅⰰ (rabota)

    • Russian: рабо́та (rabóta)
  • Bulgarian: ра́бота (rábota)
  • Macedonian: ра́бота (rábota)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ра̀бота

    Latin script: ràbota

    • Chakavian : rȁbota
  • Slovene: rabọ̑ta (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: robota
    • Czech: robota
  • Kashubian: robòta
  • Old Polish: robota
    • Polish: robota
  • Slovak: robota
  • Slovincian: rɵbʉ̀ɵ̯tă
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: robota
    • Lower Sorbian: robota

References

• Trubachyov, O., Zhuravlyov, A. F., editors (2005), “*orbota”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 32 (*obžьnъ – *orzbotati), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 119
• Derksen, Rick (2008) “*orbòta”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 373
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “рабо́та”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress