Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ūdarą
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
Etymology
Thematicized variant of Proto-Indo-European *h₁ówHdʰr̥ (“udder”). Cognate with Latin ūber.
Pronunciation
Noun
*ūdarą n
Inflection
According to Kroonen, this term was a heteroclitic and amphikinetic r/n-stem akin to *watōr. *watōr retained its r/n alternation while discarding its amphikinetic root vowel alternation, while this term did the opposite — it retained amphikinetic root vowel status but lost its r/n alternation. However, Kroonen reconstructs a proterokinetic neuter athematic ending for the nominative singular, resulting in nominative singular *eudur and an oblique stem *ūdr-.
| neuter a-stemDeclension of *ūdarą (neuter a-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *ūdarą | *ūdarō | |
| vocative | *ūdarą | *ūdarō | |
| accusative | *ūdarą | *ūdarō | |
| genitive | *ūdaras, *ūdaris | *ūdarǫ̂ | |
| dative | *ūdarai | *ūdaramaz | |
| instrumental | *ūdarō | *ūdaramiz | |
Related terms
- *audanaz (“granted”) (possibly)
Descendants
- Old English: ūder
- Old Frisian: ūder, jāder
- Old Saxon: ūder, ioder, ieder, geder
- Old Dutch: *ūdar
- Old High German: ūter, ūtar, ūtaro, ūtiro
- Old Norse: *júðr, júgr, júr (< *eudur)
- Icelandic: júgur
- Faroese: júgur
- Norwegian: jur
- Old Swedish: iūgher, iūver
- Swedish: juver
- Old Danish: *iūghær
- Danish: yver
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- Elfdalian: juor
- Gutnish: jaur
- Scanian: ýr
- → Middle English: ȝowre