Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/watōr

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wédōr ~ *wednés, leveled collective of *wódr̥ ~ *udéns (“water”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwɑ.tɔːr/

Noun

*watōr n

1. water

Inflection

The original heteroclitic alternation of r/n was preserved. The plural forms preserve the zero-grade forms of the suffix, and are like those of a neuter a-stem noun.

heteroclitic, irregularDeclension of *watōr (heteroclitic, irregular)
	singular	plural
nominative	*watōr	*watnō
vocative	*watōr	*watnō
accusative	*watōr	*watnō
genitive	*watiniz	*watnǫ̂
dative	*watini	*watnamaz
instrumental	*watinē	*watnamiz

Derived terms

• *watrijaną
• *watrōną
• *watnōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *watar
  • Old English: wæter
    • Middle English: water, watere, watir, waterre
      • English: water (see there for further descendants)
      • Geordie English: watter, wetter
      • Scots: watter
      • Yola: waudher, wadher
  • Old Frisian: weter, water, wetir
    • North Frisian: weeter, woar, waer, waar

      Föhr-Amrum: weeder

      Mooring: wååder

    • Saterland Frisian: Woater
    • West Frisian: wetter
  • Old Saxon: watar
    • Middle Low German: wāter
      • Dutch Low Saxon: water (Drents, Twents)
      • Low German: Water
      • Plautdietsch: Wota
  • Old Dutch: watar, watir, uuatar, uuatir
    • Middle Dutch: wāter
      • Dutch: water
        • Afrikaans: water
        • Javindo: water
        • Negerhollands: watu, water, water, waeter
        • Petjo: watter
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: water
        • →? Sranan Tongo: watra
          • → Aukan: wataa
          • → Saramaccan: wáta
      • Limburgish: water
      • West Flemish: woater
  • Old High German: wazzar, wazar, wazzer, waszer
    • Middle High German: waȥȥer
      • Alemannic German: Wasser, Wâser

        Alsatian: Wasser, Wâsser, Wàser

        Italian Walser: wasser, wàsser

      • Bavarian: Wåsser, Wossa

        Cimbrian: bassar, bazzar (Luserna, Tredici Comuni)

        Gottscheerish: boßər, bàsser

        Mòcheno: bòsser

        Udinese: bosser, bosar, bòsser

      • Central Franconian: Wasser, Waßer

        Hunsrik: Wasser, waser

        Transylvanian Saxon: Wåsser

      • East Central German:

        Silesian East Central German: Woasser, Wosser, Wasser

        Upper Saxon German: Wassor

      • German: Wasser
        • Unserdeutsch: Wasser
      • Luxembourgish: Waasser
      • Rhine Franconian: Wasser

        Hessian: Wassä

        Pennsylvania German: Wasser

      • Vilamovian: wosser, woser
      • Yiddish: וואַסער (vaser)
• Old Norse: vatn
  • Icelandic: vatn
  • Faroese: vatn
  • Norn: vatn
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: vatn, vats-, vass- (e.g. in vassbasert)
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: vatn, vass-
  • Elfdalian: wattn
  • Old Swedish: vatn, vatu-
    • Swedish: vatten, vattu- (e.g. in Vattumannen)
  • Old Danish: watn, wan, wand
    • Danish: vand
      • Norwegian Bokmål: vann
  • Scanian: vann
  • Gutnish: vattn
• Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 (watō)

Further reading

• Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 197