Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grīnaną

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrey- (“to flash”), with a nasal suffix. Kroonen connects it with Old Irish grían (“sun”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣriː.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb[edit]

*grīnaną[1][2]

  1. to snarl, show teeth, grin
  2. to flash, give light

Inflection[edit]

Conjugation of *grīnaną (strong class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *grīnō *grīnaų — *grīnai ?
2nd singular *grīnizi *grīnaiz *grīn *grīnazai *grīnaizau
3rd singular *grīnidi *grīnai *grīnadau *grīnadai *grīnaidau
1st dual *grīnōz *grīnaiw — — —
2nd dual *grīnadiz *grīnaidiz *grīnadiz — —
1st plural *grīnamaz *grīnaim — *grīnandai *grīnaindau
2nd plural *grīnid *grīnaid *grīnid *grīnandai *grīnaindau
3rd plural *grīnandi *grīnain *grīnandau *grīnandai *grīnaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *grain *grinį̄
2nd singular *graint *grinīz
3rd singular *grain *grinī
1st dual *grinū *grinīw
2nd dual *grinudiz *grinīdiz
1st plural *grinum *grinīm
2nd plural *grinud *grinīd
3rd plural *grinun *grinīn
present past
participles *grīnandz *grinanaz

Related terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*grīnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 190
  2. ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒrīnanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 143
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