Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grōtijaną

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From *grētaną +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣrɔː.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb[edit]

*grōtijaną[1][2]

  1. to cause to weep; make cry
  2. to scold
  3. to address (an issue)
  4. to address (an individual); greet

Inflection[edit]

Conjugation of *grōtijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *grōtijō *grōtijaų — *grōtijai ?
2nd singular *grōtīsi *grōtijais *grōtī *grōtijasai *grōtijaisau
3rd singular *grōtīþi *grōtijai *grōtijaþau *grōtijaþai *grōtijaiþau
1st dual *grōtijōs *grōtijaiw — — —
2nd dual *grōtijaþiz *grōtijaiþiz *grōtijaþiz — —
1st plural *grōtijamaz *grōtijaim — *grōtijanþai *grōtijainþau
2nd plural *grōtīþ *grōtijaiþ *grōtīþ *grōtijanþai *grōtijainþau
3rd plural *grōtijanþi *grōtijain *grōtijanþau *grōtijanþai *grōtijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *grōtidǭ *grōtidēdį̄
2nd singular *grōtidēz *grōtidēdīz
3rd singular *grōtidē *grōtidēdī
1st dual *grōtidēdū *grōtidēdīw
2nd dual *grōtidēdudiz *grōtidēdīdiz
1st plural *grōtidēdum *grōtidēdīm
2nd plural *grōtidēdud *grōtidēdīd
3rd plural *grōtidēdun *grōtidēdīn
present past
participles *grōtijandz *grōtidaz

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*grōtjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 192
  2. ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒrōtjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 144
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