Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwikwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *kwiwaz

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʷi.kʷɑz/

Adjective

*kwikwaz

1. alive
2. lively, quick

Inflection

Declension of *kwikwaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*kwikwaz	*kwikwai	*kwikwō	*kwikwôz	*kwikwą, -atō	*kwikwō
Accusative	*kwikwanǭ	*kwikwanz	*kwikwǭ	*kwikwōz	*kwikwą, -atō	*kwikwō
Genitive	*kwikwas, -is	*kwikwaizǫ̂	*kwikwaizōz	*kwikwaizǫ̂	*kwikwas, -is	*kwikwaizǫ̂
Dative	*kwikwammai	*kwikwaimaz	*kwikwaizōi	*kwikwaimaz	*kwikwammai	*kwikwaimaz
Instrumental	*kwikwanō	*kwikwaimiz	*kwikwaizō	*kwikwaimiz	*kwikwanō	*kwikwaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*kwikwô	*kwikwaniz	*kwikwǭ	*kwikwōniz	*kwikwô	*kwikwōnō
Accusative	*kwikwanų	*kwikwanunz	*kwikwōnų	*kwikwōnunz	*kwikwô	*kwikwōnō
Genitive	*kwikwiniz	*kwikwanǫ̂	*kwikwōniz	*kwikwōnǫ̂	*kwikwiniz	*kwikwanǫ̂
Dative	*kwikwini	*kwikwammaz	*kwikwōni	*kwikwōmaz	*kwikwini	*kwikwammaz
Instrumental	*kwikwinē	*kwikwammiz	*kwikwōnē	*kwikwōmiz	*kwikwinē	*kwikwammiz

Derived terms

• *kwiknaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kwik(k)w
  • Old English: cwic, cuc, cucu, cwicu, cwuc, cwucu
    • Middle English: quyk, quic, quicke, quik, quike, quikke, quycke, quyke, quykke, qwicke, qwik, qwyck, qwyk, qwyke; cwic, cwich, cwick, cwuc; qwhyke, weke, whik, whike, whikk, whyk, whyke, whykke
      • English: quick (dialectal wick)
        • → Ido: quik
      • Scots: quick, queek
  • Old Frisian: quik
    • North Frisian: quick, queck
    • Saterland Frisian: kwik
    • West Frisian: kwik, kwyk
  • Old Saxon: quik
    • Middle Low German: *quik (in derivatives and compounds: e.g. quikpenninc, quikstērt, quiksilver)
      • German Low German: quick
      • → German: quick (chiefly in quicklebendig)
  • Old Dutch: quic
    • Middle Dutch: quic
      • Dutch: kwik, kwiek
  • Old High German: quic, quec, chëch
    • Middle High German: quëc, këc
      • German: keck; (qu- in Quecksilber, erquicken)
        • → Danish: kæk
        • → Dutch: kek
        • → Norwegian: kjekk
        • → Swedish: käck
• Old Norse: kvikr, kykr
  • Icelandic: kvikur
  • Faroese: kvikur, kykur
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Bokmål: kvikk
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: kvik, kvikk
  • Old Swedish: qvikker
    • Swedish: kvick
  • Danish: kvik
• Gothic: 𐌵𐌹𐌿𐍃 (qius)