Bakhmut

English

Bakhmut Raion

Alternative forms

• Bachmut

Etymology

Borrowed from Ukrainian Бахму́т (Baxmút). Named after the nearby Bakhmutka River (aka Bakhmut River), the name of which apparently derives from the word Ukrainian бахма́т (baxmát, “pony; war-horse, pack-horse”) (cf. Russian бахма́т (baxmát) and Polish bachmat), from a Turkic language. Regarding the word бахмат (baxmat) (and its Russian and Polish cognates), linguists offer the following hypotheses:

• It is considered a borrowing from a Turkic (Crimean Tatar, or rather Nogai) language paχn at, in which it is explained (according to Lokotsch and Miklosich, for example) as a compound word formed from Persian پهن (pahn, “wide, broad”) (cf. Ottoman Turkish پهن (pehn)) + at (“horse”) of Common Turkic origin (cf. Nogai at, Crimean Tatar at). Vasmer considers this highly unlikely.
• Menges derives it from a Turkic form of the name Mähmäd ("Mohammed") (cf. Old East Slavic Бохмитъ (Boxmitŭ, “Магомет/Magomet”).

Presumably related place names: Бахматівці, Bachmatówka, Bachmackie Kolonie, Bahmut.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɑxˈmut/, /bɑkˈmut/

Proper noun

Bakhmut

1. A city, the administrative centre of Bakhmut Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine.
   • 2022 November 22, Lorenzo Tondo, “Ukraine’s security service raids Russian-backed monastery in Kyiv”, in The Guardian‎^[2]:

     Moscow also appeared to be building up forces and increasing its military efforts on the eastern Donbas front around the key town of Bakhmut.

   • 2023 April 2, Dan Sabbagh, Ed Ram, “Surrounded and outgunned, Ukraine’s tank crews prepare for battle of Bakhmut”, in The Guardian‎^[3], →ISSN:

     The armoured unit has been operating for months in defence of Bakhmut city, but incomer Danill, a junior tank commander, has yet to see the fierce combat there.

2. A raion of Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine.
3. The 2022 Battle of Bakhmut, which occurred around the city during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Synonyms

city

• Artemivsk (“former name from Ukrainian”) (1924-2016)
• Artyomovsk (“former name from Russian”) (1924-1992, Russian usage)

raion

• Bakhmut District
• Bakhmut Raion
• District of Bakhmut
• Raion of Bakhmut

Translations

city

• Armenian: Բախմուտ (hy) (Baxmut)
• Bashkir: Баҡмыт (Baqmıt)
• Belarusian: Бахму́т m (Baxmút)
• Bulgarian: Бахму́т m (Bahmút)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 巴赫穆特 (zh) (Bāhèmùtè)

• Crimean Tatar: Bahmut
• Czech: Bachmut m
• Dutch: Bachmoet n
• Finnish: Bah’mut
• French: Bakhmout (fr) m
• Georgian: ბახმუტი (baxmuṭi)
• German: Bachmut (de) n
• Greek: Μπαχμούτ n (Bachmoút)
• Japanese: バフムート (Bafumūto)
• Korean: 바흐무트 (Baheumuteu)
• Latvian: Bahmuta f
• Lithuanian: Bachmutas m
• Macedonian: Ба́хмут m (Báhmut)
• Marathi: बखमूट (bakhmūṭ)
• Polish: Bachmut (pl) m
• Russian: Бахму́т (ru) m (Baxmút)
• Spanish: Bajmut m
• Turkish: Bahmut
• Ukrainian: Бахму́т (uk) m (Baxmút)

See also

• Bachmut
• Bahamut
• Bahmut

Further reading

• Jaroslav Rudnyckyj (1962–1972), “бахмат”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language, volumes 1 (А – Ґ), Winnipeg: Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences, →LCCN, page 89
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “бахмат”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• Lokotsch, Karl (1927), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 128, pages 11-12
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “бахмат”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: ProgressVasmer, Max (1964–1973), “бахмат”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress