Euphrates

English

Etymology

From Latin Euphrātēs, from Ancient Greek Εὐφράτης (Euphrátēs), from Old Persian 𐎢𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎬𐎢 (u-f-r-a-tu-u /^hUfrātuš/), from Akkadian 𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣 (^ÍDPurattu), from Sumerian 𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣 (^ÍDBuranun) (compare Elamite 𒌑𒅁𒊏𒌅𒅖 (ú-ip-ra-du-iš), Classical Syriac ܦܪܬ‎ (P(ə)rāṯ)). The Elamite, Akkadian, and possibly Sumerian forms are either from an unrecorded substrate language, or from Proto-Sumerian *𒁍𒍏 burudu "copper" (Sumerian 𒍏 (urudu)) with an explanation that Euphrates was the river by which the copper ore was transported in rafts, since Mesopotamia was the center of copper metallurgy at the period.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /juːˈfɹeɪtiːz/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪtiz

Proper noun

the Euphrates

1. The river in the Middle East, 2780 kilometers in length, flowing southwest from Turkey, then southeast, and uniting with the Tigris before entering the Persian Gulf. It forms the Western edge of classical Mesopotamia.

Derived terms

• Euphratean

Translations

river in the Middle East

• Akkadian: 𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣 (Purattu)
• Amharic: ኤፍራጥስ (ʾefraṭs)
• Arabic: اَلْفُرَات‎ m (al-furāt)
• Aramaic:

  Classical Syriac: ܦܪܬ‎ m (P(ə)rāṯ)

• Armenian: Եփրատ (hy) (Epʿrat)
• Azerbaijani: Fərat (az)
• Bengali: ফোরাত (bn) (phorat)
• Bulgarian: Ефра́т m (Efrát)
• Catalan: Eufrates (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 幼發拉底河 (zh), 幼发拉底河 (zh) (Yòufālādǐ Hé)

• Czech: Eufrat (cs) m
• Danish: Eufrat
• Dutch: Eufraat
• Elamite: 𒌑𒅁𒊏𒌅𒅖 (ú-ip-ra-tu-iš)
• Esperanto: Eŭfrato
• Finnish: Eufrat (fi)
• French: Euphrate (fr) m
• Galician: Eufrates m
• Georgian: ევფრატი (evpraṭi)
• German: Euphrat (de) m
• Greek: Ευφράτης (el) (Effrátis)

  Ancient: Εὐφράτης (Euphrátēs)

• Hebrew: פְּרָת‎ (P'rát)
• Hindi: फ़रात (farāt)
• Hungarian: Eufrátesz (hu)
• Icelandic: Efrat
• Irish: Eofrait
• Italian: Eufrate m
• Japanese: ユーフラテス川 (Yūfuratesu-gawa)
• Javanese: ꦌꦥ꦳ꦿꦠ꧀ (Éfrat)
• Kazakh: Евфрат (Evfrat)
• Korean: 유프라테스 강 (Yupeurateseu gang)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: Firat (ku) m

• Latin: Euphrates, Eufrates
• Lingala: Ufrate
• Malayalam: യൂഫ്രട്ടീസ് (yūfraṭṭīsŭ)
• Middle Persian: 𐭯𐭫𐭠𐭲𐭩‎ (Prāt, Frād)
• Mingrelian: ევფრატი (evpraṭi)
• Mongolian: Евфрат (Jevfrat)
• Persian: فرات‎ (fa) (Forât)

  Old Persian: 𐎢𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎬𐎢𐏁 (^hUfrātuš)

• Polish: Eufrat (pl) m
• Portuguese: Eufrates m
• Punjabi: ਫ਼ਰਾਤ (pa) (farāt)
• Romanian: Eufrat
• Russian: Евфра́т (ru) m (Jevfrát)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: Еуфрат m

  Roman: Eufrat (sh) m

• Slovak: Eufrat m
• Somali: Furaat
• Spanish: Eufrates m, Éufrates m
• Sumerian: 𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣 (^ídBuranun)
• Swahili: Frati
• Swedish: Eufrat (sv)
• Tajik: Еуфратес (Eufrates), Фурот (Furot)
• Tamil: புராத்து (purāttu)
• Tatar: Yefrat
• Tok Pisin: Yufretis
• Turkish: Fırat (tr)
• Uzbek: Evfrat
• Walloon: Ufrate
• West Flemish: Eufroat

See also

• Mesopotamia
• Tigris

Anagrams

• superheat

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Latin

Etymology

From Ancient Greek Εὐφράτης (Euphrátēs), from Old Persian 𐎢𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎬𐎢 (u-f-r-a-tu-u /^hUfrātuš/), itself from Sumerian 𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣 (^ÍDBuranun), from Akkadian 𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣 (^ÍDPurattu). See English etymology for further details.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /eu̯ˈpʰraː.teːs/, [ɛu̯ˈpʰräːt̪eːs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /eu̯ˈfra.tes/, [eu̯ˈfräːt̪es]

Proper noun

Euphrātēs m sg (variously declined, genitive Euphrātis or Euphrātae); third declension, first declension

1. The Euphrates river.
2. A philosopher in the time of Pliny the Younger.
3. (rare) A surname.

Declension

Third-declension noun with a first-declension noun (masculine Greek-type with nominative singular in -ēs), with locative, singular only.

Case	Singular
Nominative	Euphrātēs
Genitive	Euphrātis Euphrātae
Dative	Euphrātī Euphrātae
Accusative	Euphrātem Euphrātēn
Ablative	Euphrāte Euphrātē
Vocative	Euphrātēs Euphrātē
Locative	Euphrātī Euphrāte Euphrātae

Noun

Euphrātēs m (genitive Euphrātis); third declension

1. Those who dwell on the banks of the Euphrates river.

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	Euphrātēs	Euphrātēs
Genitive	Euphrātis	Euphrātum
Dative	Euphrātī	Euphrātibus
Accusative	Euphrātem	Euphrātēs
Ablative	Euphrāte	Euphrātibus
Vocative	Euphrātēs	Euphrātēs

Derived terms

• Euphrātis
• Euphrātaeus

References

• “Euphrates”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• Euphrates in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette