Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gulaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣu.lɑz/

Adjective

*gulaz

1. (North Germanic) yellow

Inflection

Declension of *gulaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*gulaz	*gulai	*gulō	*gulôz	*gulą, -atō	*gulō
Accusative	*gulanǭ	*gulanz	*gulǭ	*gulōz	*gulą, -atō	*gulō
Genitive	*gulas, -is	*gulaizǫ̂	*gulaizōz	*gulaizǫ̂	*gulas, -is	*gulaizǫ̂
Dative	*gulammai	*gulaimaz	*gulaizōi	*gulaimaz	*gulammai	*gulaimaz
Instrumental	*gulanō	*gulaimiz	*gulaizō	*gulaimiz	*gulanō	*gulaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*gulô	*gulaniz	*gulǭ	*gulōniz	*gulô	*gulōnō
Accusative	*gulanų	*gulanunz	*gulōnų	*gulōnunz	*gulô	*gulōnō
Genitive	*guliniz	*gulanǫ̂	*gulōniz	*gulōnǫ̂	*guliniz	*gulanǫ̂
Dative	*gulini	*gulammaz	*gulōni	*gulōmaz	*gulini	*gulammaz
Instrumental	*gulinē	*gulammiz	*gulōnē	*gulōmiz	*gulinē	*gulammiz

Synonyms

• *gelwaz (West Germanic)

Descendants

• Old Norse: gulr
  • Icelandic: gulur
  • Faroese: gulur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: gul, (dialectal) gul’u, gul’e
  • Norwegian Bokmål: gul
  • Old Swedish: gul, gol
    • Swedish: gul, (dialectal) gål
  • Old Danish: guul
    • Danish: gul
  • → Middle English: gul, gull, gulle, gule, goule, goole
    • ⇒ Scots: golgrav
    • Yola: ghou

References

• “gul” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog
• gul in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• “gulur” in: Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon — Íslensk orðsifjabók, (1989). Reykjavík, Orðabók Háskólans. (Available on Málið.is under the “Eldra mál” tab.)

See also

Colors in Proto-Germanic · *farwôz (layout · text)

*blaikaz, *blankaz, *hwītaz, *blasaz	*falwaz, *grēwaz, *haswaz, *grīsaz, *hairaz	*blakaz, *swartaz
*raudaz	*brūnaz, *erpaz, *dusnaz	*gelwaz, *gulaz
*grōniz	*grōniz
	*blēwaz	*blēwaz, *hēwijaz
*blēwaz, *hēwijaz	*baswaz