Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brūnaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“grey, brown”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbruː.nɑz/

Adjective

*brūnaz

1. brown

Inflection

Declension of *brūnaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*brūnaz	*brūnō	*brūną, -atō		*brūnai	*brūnôz	*brūnō
accusative	*brūnanǭ	*brūnǭ	*brūną, -atō		*brūnanz	*brūnōz	*brūnō
genitive	*brūnas, -is	*brūnaizōz	*brūnas, -is		*brūnaizǫ̂	*brūnaizǫ̂	*brūnaizǫ̂
dative	*brūnammai	*brūnaizōi	*brūnammai		*brūnaimaz	*brūnaimaz	*brūnaimaz
instrumental	*brūnanō	*brūnaizō	*brūnanō		*brūnaimiz	*brūnaimiz	*brūnaimiz
Weak declension
	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*brūnô	*brūnǭ	*brūnô		*brūnaniz	*brūnōniz	*brūnōnō
accusative	*brūnanų	*brūnōnų	*brūnô		*brūnanunz	*brūnōnunz	*brūnōnō
genitive	*brūniniz	*brūnōniz	*brūniniz		*brūnanǫ̂	*brūnōnǫ̂	*brūnanǫ̂
dative	*brūnini	*brūnōni	*brūnini		*brūnammaz	*brūnōmaz	*brūnammaz
instrumental	*brūninē	*brūnōnē	*brūninē		*brūnammiz	*brūnōmiz	*brūnammiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *brūn
  • Old English: brūn
    • Middle English: broun, broyn, brown, brun, bruyn
      • English: brown, broon (Northumbria)
        • Bislama: braon
        • Tok Pisin: braun
        • → Welsh: brown
        • → Tongan: palauni
      • Geordie: broon
      • Scots: broon, broun
  • Old Frisian: brūn
    • East Frisian:
      • Saterland Frisian: bruun
      • → Latvian: brūns
    • West Frisian: brún
  • Old Saxon: brūn
    • Middle Low German: brûn
      • Dutch Low Saxon: brun, broen, bruun
      • German Low German: bruun, brun
      • Plautdietsch: brun
      • → Estonian: pruun
      • → Latgalian: bryuns
      • → Latvian: brūns
  • Old Dutch: *brūn
    • Middle Dutch: bruun
      • Dutch: bruin
        • Afrikaans: bruin
        • Negerhollands: bruun, brin, bryen
        • → Papiamentu: brùin, brein, bruin
        • → Sranan Tongo: broin
      • Limburgish: broen
      • West Flemish: bruun
      • → English: bruin
      • → Latvian: brūns
  • Old High German: brūn
    • Middle High German: brūn
      • Alemannic German: bruun

        Swabian:

      • Bavarian:
      • Central Franconian: brong, brung, broun

        Hunsrik: braun

        Luxembourgish: brong

      • East Central German:

        Vilamovian: braojn

      • East Franconian:
      • German: braun
      • Rhine Franconian:
        • Pennsylvania German: brau
      • Yiddish: ברוין (broyn)
  • → Late Latin: brūnus
    • Asturian: brunu
    • → Dalmatian: broin
    • → Italian: bruno
    • → Old Galician-Portuguese:
      • Galician: brun
      • Portuguese: bruno
    • → Old Spanish:
      • Spanish: bruno
    • ⇒ Medieval Latin: brunneus
      • → English: brunneous
  • → Old French: brun
    • Middle French: brun
      • French: brun
        • → Breton: brun
        • Louisiana Creole: brun
        • → Romanian: brun
    • Norman: breun, brun (Jersey)
    • → Galician: brun (archaic)
• Old Norse: brúnn
  • Icelandic: brúnn
  • Faroese: brúnur
  • Norn: brun
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: brun, (dialectal) brun’u, brun’e, bron
  • Jamtish: brún
  • Elfdalian: braungen
  • Old Swedish: brūn
    • Swedish: brun
      • → Elfdalian: brun
      • → Estonian: pruun
  • Old Danish: brūn
    • Danish: brun
      • Norwegian Bokmål: brun
  • Gutnish: bräunar
  • Scanian: brúner
• → Romansh: brin, bregn, brün (from some Germanic language)

See also

Colors in Proto-Germanic · *farwôz (layout · text)

*blaikaz, *blankaz, *hwītaz, *blasaz	*falwaz, *grēwaz, *haswaz, *grīsaz, *hairaz	*blakaz, *swartaz
*raudaz	*brūnaz, *erpaz, *dusnaz	*gelwaz, *gulaz
*grōniz	*grōniz
	*blēwaz	*blēwaz, *hēwijaz
*blēwaz, *hēwijaz	*baswaz