Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/managaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Likely from a substrate language of northwestern Europe. Proto-Celtic *menekkis, Proto-Slavic *mъnogъ, Finnish moni are probably from the same source.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmɑ.nɑ.ɣɑz/

Adjective

*managaz (comparative *managizô, superlative *managistaz)

1. many
2. much (large amount of)

Inflection

Declension of *managaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*managaz	*managai	*managō	*managôz	*managą, -atō	*managō
Accusative	*managanǭ	*managanz	*managǭ	*managōz	*managą, -atō	*managō
Genitive	*managas, -is	*managaizǫ̂	*managaizōz	*managaizǫ̂	*managas, -is	*managaizǫ̂
Dative	*managammai	*managaimaz	*managaizōi	*managaimaz	*managammai	*managaimaz
Instrumental	*managanō	*managaimiz	*managaizō	*managaimiz	*managanō	*managaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*managô	*managaniz	*managǭ	*managōniz	*managô	*managōnō
Accusative	*managanų	*managanunz	*managōnų	*managōnunz	*managô	*managōnō
Genitive	*managiniz	*managanǫ̂	*managōniz	*managōnǫ̂	*managiniz	*managanǫ̂
Dative	*managini	*managammaz	*managōni	*managōmaz	*managini	*managammaz
Instrumental	*managinē	*managammiz	*managōnē	*managōmiz	*managinē	*managammiz

Synonyms

• *mikilaz

Antonyms

• *fawaz

Derived terms

• *managafalþaz
• *managį̄
• *managiþō

Related terms

• *mangiją

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *manag
  • Old English: maniġ, maneġ, moniġ, mæniġ
    • Middle English: mani, mane, magnie, maini, mainie, mange, manie, manige, maniȝ, many, meine, meni, menie, monei, moni, monie, moniȝ, mony, myny
      • English: many
      • Geordie English: mony
      • Scots: mony, monie
      • Yola: many
  • Old Frisian: monech, manich, monich, manch
    • North Frisian: manag, manig, mäning
    • Saterland Frisian: manich, moonige, moonich
    • West Frisian: mannich
  • Old Saxon: manag, maneg
    • Middle Low German: mannich, mennich
      • Low German: männich

        German Low German: männig, mennig, meng

  • Old Dutch: manag, *menig
    • Middle Dutch: mēneg, mānig, mēnig
      • Dutch: menig
        • Afrikaans: menig
  • Old High German: manag, manac
    • Middle High German: manec, manic, menic
      • Alemannic German: meng
      • Central Franconian: mannich, männich (older Ripuarian variant)
      • German: mannig (in compounds), manch
      • Luxembourgish: munch
• Old Norse: mangr
  • Faroese: mangur
  • Norwegian: mang, mange
  • Old Swedish: manger
    • Swedish: mången
  • Old Danish: manygh
    • Danish: mangen
  • ⇒ Old Norse: (possibly) margr
    • Icelandic: margur
    • Faroese: margur
    • Old Swedish: margher, marghin
      • Swedish: marg
    • Old Danish: margh
    • → English: marra, marrow (dialectal)
• Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐍃 (manags)

Further reading

• Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 352