Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-Hō

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

• *-h₃enh₂-, *-h₃onh₂-
• *-h₃en-

Reconstruction

In literature this morpheme might be referred to as "Hoffmann's suffix". It is often reconstructed with a *h₃ on the basis of the voice assimilation in the word *h₂ábh₃on- < *h₂ep-h₃on- (“river”), although some authorities might also reconstruct an unspecified laryngeal, *H. Sometimes identified with the root *h₃enh₂- (“onerate”).

Suffix

*-Hō

1. Derives adjectives, nouns denoting burden, authority.

Inflection

Athematic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*(é)-Hō	*(Ø)-Hénih₂
genitive	*(Ø)-Hnés	*(Ø)-Hn̥yéh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(é)-Hō	*(é)-Honh₁(e)	*(é)-Hones
vocative	*(é)-Hon	*(é)-Honh₁(e)	*(é)-Hones
accusative	*(é)-Honm̥	*(é)-Honh₁(e)	*(é)-Honm̥s
genitive	*(Ø)-Hnés	*?	*(Ø)-HnóHom
ablative	*(Ø)-Hnés	*?	*(Ø)-Hn̥mós
dative	*(Ø)-Hnéy	*?	*(Ø)-Hn̥mós
locative	*(Ø)-Hén, (Ø)-Héni	*?	*(Ø)-Hn̥sú
instrumental	*(Ø)-Hnéh₁	*?	*(Ø)-Hn̥mís
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(Ø)-Hénih₂	*(Ø)-Hénih₂h₁(e)	*(Ø)-Hénih₂es
vocative	*(Ø)-Hénih₂	*(Ø)-Hénih₂h₁(e)	*(Ø)-Hénih₂es
accusative	*(Ø)-Hénih₂m̥	*(Ø)-Hénih₂h₁(e)	*(Ø)-Hénih₂m̥s
genitive	*(Ø)-Hn̥yéh₂s	*?	*(Ø)-Hn̥yéh₂oHom
ablative	*(Ø)-Hn̥yéh₂s	*?	*(Ø)-Hn̥yéh₂mos
dative	*(Ø)-Hn̥yéh₂ey	*?	*(Ø)-Hn̥yéh₂mos
locative	*(Ø)-Hn̥yéh₂, *(Ø)-Hn̥yéh₂i	*?	*(Ø)-Hn̥yéh₂su
instrumental	*(Ø)-Hn̥yéh₂h₁	*?	*(Ø)-Hn̥yéh₂mis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(é)-Hon	*(é)-Honih₁	*(é)-Hō
vocative	*(é)-Hon	*(é)-Honih₁	*(é)-Hō
accusative	*(é)-Hon	*(é)-Honih₁	*(é)-Hō
genitive	*(Ø)-Hnés	*?	*(Ø)-HnóHom
ablative	*(Ø)-Hnés	*?	*(Ø)-Hn̥mós
dative	*(Ø)-Hnéy	*?	*(Ø)-Hn̥mós
locative	*(Ø)-Hén, (Ø)-Héni	*?	*(Ø)-Hn̥sú
instrumental	*(Ø)-Hnéh₁	*?	*(Ø)-Hn̥mís

Derived terms

• *-Hon-o-
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: -ωνός (-ōnós)
  • Italic:
    • Latin: -ō
• *-i-Hon-
  • Proto-Germanic: *-jǭ
    • Gothic: -𐌾𐍉 (-jō) (e.g. 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐍉 (garunjō, “flood”), 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌼𐍂𐌾𐍉 (gatimrjō, “building”), 𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌾𐍉 (sakjō, “quarrel”))
  • Italic:
    • Latin: -iō
• *-et-Hon-
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: -εδών (-edṓn), -ηδών (-ēdṓn) (e.g. τηκεδών (tēkedṓn, “melting away, consumption”), ἀλγηδών (algēdṓn, “pain, suffering”))
  • Italic:
    • Latin: -ēdō
• *-ti-Hon-
  • Proto-Celtic: *-tiū
    • Old Irish: -tiu
  • Italic:
    • Latin: -tiō
• *-tew-t-Hon-
  • Italic:
    • Latin: -tūdō
• *-Hon-eh₂-
  • Italic:
    • Latin: -ōna
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: -ώνη (-ṓnē)
• *-i-Hn-
  • Proto-Germanic: *-īn-

Descendants

• Hellenic:
  • Ancient Greek: -ων (-ōn), -ών (-ṓn)
• Italic:
  • Latin: -ō