Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ewg-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₂weg-, of which the zero grade *h₂ug- was reanalysed as having the ablaut vowel before the -w- rather than after it, creating a new variant form of the root. The original root remained in use, however.

Root

*h₂ewg-

1. to increase, to enlarge

Derived terms

• *h₂éwg-e-ti (thematic root present)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *augtei
    • Latvian: augt
    • Lithuanian: áugti
  • Proto-Germanic: *aukaną (see there for further descendants)
• *h₂ug-s-é-ti
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: αὐξάνω (auxánō)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hukšáti
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hukṣáti
      • Sanskrit: उक्षति (ukṣáti)
• *h₂owg-éye-ti (causative)
  • Proto-Italic: *augeō (with irregular change o > a)
    • Latin: augeō
• *h₂éwg-os ~ *h₂éwg-es-os
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háwǰas (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *augos
    • Latin: augur
• *h₂ewg-os-to-s
  • Proto-Italic: *augostos
    • Latin: augustus
• *h₂ug-ró-s (“strong, fierce”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hugrás (see there for further descendants)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Albanian:
    • Proto-Albanian: *(h)aug-
      • Albanian: ag
  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: աճեմ (ačem)
  • Proto-Celtic: *ouxselos
    • Brythonic:
      • Breton: uhel
      • Welsh: uchel
    • Old Irish: úasal
      • Irish: uasal
      • Manx: ooasle
      • Old Irish: uasal
  • Proto-Celtic: *ouxs-, *uxs-
    • Old Irish: uas
  • (possibly) Proto-Germanic: *auk (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hwakšáyati
    • Proto-Iranian: *Hwaxšáyati
      • Avestan: 𐬎𐬑𐬱𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬍 (uxšiieⁱtī, “grows”), 𐬬𐬀𐬑𐬱𐬙 (vaxšt, “lets grow”)
      • Middle Persian: [script needed] (waxšīdan, “to grow”)
        • Persian: وخشیدن (vaxšīdan, “to wax, grow”)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Latvian: augsts
    • Lithuanian: aũkštas, augestis

References

• Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 258
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 278