Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃ókʷs

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

(deprecated template usage)

From *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”) +‎ *-s.

Noun

*h₃ókʷs n

1. eye

Inflection

Athematic, acrostatic
	singular	collective
nominative	*h₃ókʷs	*h₃ékʷsōs
genitive	*h₃ékʷs	*h₃kʷsés
	singular	dual	plural	collective
nominative	*h₃ókʷs	*h₃ókʷsih₁	—	*h₃ékʷsōs
vocative	*h₃ókʷs	*h₃ókʷsih₁	—	*h₃ékʷsōs
accusative	*h₃ókʷs	*h₃ókʷsih₁	—	*h₃ékʷsōs
genitive	*h₃ékʷs	*?	—	*h₃kʷsés
ablative	*h₃ékʷs	*?	—	*h₃kʷsés
dative	*h₃ékʷey	*?	—	*h₃kʷséy
locative	*h₃ékʷ, *h₃ékʷi	*?	—	*h₃ékʷs, *h₃ékʷsi
instrumental	*h₃ékʷh₁	*?	—	*h₃kʷséh₁

No plural form existed, only a dual form, ending in *-ih₁:

• nominative, accusative, and vocative dual *h₃ókʷih₁

Descendants

• Albanian: sy (from dual form)
• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: ակն (akn, “eye”)
  • Old Armenian: աչք (ačʻkʻ, “both eyes”), from the dual form *h₃(o)kʷih₁
  • Old Armenian: յօն (yōn, “eyebrow”), յաւն (yawn) (possibly)
• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ak-
  • Latvian: acs
  • Lithuanian: akìs
  • Old Prussian: ackis
  • Proto-Slavic: *oko
• Proto-Germanic: *augô (see there for further descendants)
• Hellenic:
  • , ὤψ (ṓps, “eye, face”), ὄσσε du (ósse, “eyes”) (< *h₃ókʷih₁)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hákši (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Tocharian: *ëk
  • Tocharian A: ak, aśäṃ du
  • Tocharian B: ek