Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xudъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ksowdós, an extension of Proto-Indo-European *ksew- (“to scratch, to shave”), from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to scratch, to shave”). Cognate with Sanskrit क्षुद्र (kṣudra, “small, minute”) and akin to Lithuanian skùsti (“to shave”), Ancient Greek ξύω (xúō, “to shave”), Latin saucius (“hurt, wounded”), Sanskrit क्षुर (kṣurá, “razor”).
Adjective
Declension
Indefinite declension of *xudъ (hard, accent paradigm c)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *xudъ | *xuda | *xudo |
| genitive | *xuda | *xudy | *xuda |
| dative | *xudu | *xudě | *xudu |
| accusative | *xudъ | *xudǫ | *xudo |
| instrumental | *xudomь | *xudojǫ | *xudomь |
| locative | *xudě | *xudě | *xudě |
| vocative | *xude | *xudo | *xudo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *xuda | *xudě | *xudě |
| genitive | *xudu | *xudu | *xudu |
| dative | *xudoma | *xudama | *xudoma |
| accusative | *xuda | *xudě | *xudě |
| instrumental | *xudoma | *xudama | *xudoma |
| locative | *xudu | *xudu | *xudu |
| vocative | *xuda | *xudě | *xudě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *xudi | *xudy | *xuda |
| genitive | *xudъ | *xudъ | *xudъ |
| dative | *xudomъ | *xudamъ | *xudomъ |
| accusative | *xudy | *xudy | *xuda |
| instrumental | *xudy | *xudami | *xudy |
| locative | *xuděxъ | *xudaxъ | *xuděxъ |
| vocative | *xudi | *xudy | *xuda |
Definite declension of *xudъ (hard, accent paradigm c)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *xudъjь | *xudaja | *xudoje |
| genitive | *xudajego | *xudyję̇ | *xudajego |
| dative | *xudujemu | *xuději | *xudujemu |
| accusative | *xudъjь | *xudǫjǫ | *xudoje |
| instrumental | *xudyjimь | *xudǫjǫ | *xudyjimь |
| locative | *xudějemь | *xuději | *xudějemь |
| vocative | *xudъjь | *xudaja | *xudoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *xudaja | *xuději | *xuději |
| genitive | *xuduju | *xuduju | *xuduju |
| dative | *xudyjima | *xudyjima | *xudyjima |
| accusative | *xudaja | *xuději | *xuději |
| instrumental | *xudyjima | *xudyjima | *xudyjima |
| locative | *xuduju | *xuduju | *xuduju |
| vocative | *xudaja | *xuději | *xuději |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *xudiji | *xudyję̇ | *xudaja |
| genitive | *xudъjixъ | *xudъjixъ | *xudъjixъ |
| dative | *xudyjimъ | *xudyjimъ | *xudyjimъ |
| accusative | *xudyję̇ | *xudyję̇ | *xudaja |
| instrumental | *xudyjimi | *xudyjimi | *xudyjimi |
| locative | *xudyjixъ | *xudyjixъ | *xudyjixъ |
| vocative | *xudiji | *xudyję̇ | *xudaja |
Related terms
Derived terms
- *xuditi (“to vilify, to reproach”)
- *xuděti (“to thin, to lose weight”)
- *xudoba (“malice, dishonesty”)
- *xudota (“evil”)
- *xudostь (“poverty, misery”)
- *xudina (“poor thing”)
- *xudežь (“poor, miserable creature/person”)
- *xudьcь (“coward, cracker”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “худо́й”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xudъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 08 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 111
References
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “xudъ xuda xudo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c dårlig, mager (SA 114; PR 138)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “hȗd”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*xȗdъ”
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*xȗdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 205