Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-in

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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

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Etymology 1

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Originally diminutive Proto-Uralic *-ma, *-i- extracted from other stems (or by epenthesis, cf. etymology 2), final vowel elided and suffix turned into an e-stem by analogy with other consonantal stems, final *-m > *-n is regular

Suffix

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*-in

  1. Forms nouns from verbs, indicating instruments (tools) are used to perform that verb's action.
  2. Forms some diminutive nouns.
Inflection
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Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Estonian: -i
  • Finnish: -in
  • Ingrian: -in
  • Karelian: -in
  • Livonian: -īm
  • Livvi: -in
  • Veps: -im
  • Võro: -i

Etymology 2

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From earlier *-jmi < *-ma, through a change in the final vowel as in *-pi and *-mpi, and epenthesis.[1] The final vowel was eventually elided. Ultimately from Proto-Uralic *-ma.

Suffix

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*-in

  1. Superlative suffix.
Inflection
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In some descendants, later reformed by influence with the inflected forms of the comparative ending *-mpi (stem *-mpA).

Descendants
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  • Estonian: -im (no longer usually productive)
  • Finnish: -in
  • Karelian: -in
  • Veps: -im (no longer productive)

References

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  1. ^ Kallio, Petri. The non-initial-syllable vowel reductions from Proto-Uralic to Proto-Finnic. Per Urales ad Orientem (SUST 264). Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, Helsinki. 2012