Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arsaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁órs-o-s (“rear-end”). Compare Ancient Greek ὄρρος (órrhos), Hittite 𒅈𒊏𒀸 (ar-ra-aš /⁠arraš⁠/), Old Irish err, and Middle Armenian ոռ (oṙ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑr.sɑz/

Noun

*arsaz m

1. arse/ass, anus, buttocks

Inflection

Declension of *arsaz (masculine a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*arsaz	*arsōz, *arsōs
vocative	*ars	*arsōz, *arsōs
accusative	*arsą	*arsanz
genitive	*arsas, *arsis	*arsǫ̂
dative	*arsai	*arsamaz
instrumental	*arsō	*arsamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *ars
  • Old English: ears, ærs
    • Middle English: ars, arce, ers, eres, hars, hers, aars
      • English: arse, ass
      • Scots: ers, airse
      • (from variant form hers) → Middle Welsh: hers
        • Welsh: hers
  • Old Frisian: ers
    • Saterland Frisian: Iers, Äirs
    • West Frisian: ears
  • Old Saxon: ars
    • Middle Low German: ars
      • Dutch Low Saxon: ars, ors
      • German Low German: Aars
      • ⇒ by rebracketing:
        • Dutch Low Saxon: nors, mors
        • German Low German: Maars, Moors, Narsch, Närsch, Närs

          Plautdietsch: Noasch

  • Old Dutch: *ars
    • Middle Dutch: āers
      • Dutch: aars
        • Afrikaans: aars
  • Old High German: ars
    • Middle High German: ars
      • Bavarian: Oasch
      • Cimbrian: aars
      • German: Arsch
      • Hunsrik: Aarsch
      • Luxembourgish: Aasch
      • Pennsylvania German: Aarsch
• Old Norse: ars, rass
  • Icelandic: ars
  • Faroese: arsur
  • Old Swedish: ars
    • ⇒ Swedish: arsel, arsle
  • ⇒ Old Norse: rass, ars (via metathesis)
    • Icelandic: rass
    • Faroese: rassur
    • Norwegian Bokmål: rass
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: rass

Further reading

• Frederik Kortlandt (2001), “Initial Laryngeals in Anatolian”, in Frederik Kortlandt personal website‎^[2], archived from the original on 28 July 2004