Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/baidijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰoydʰéyeti (“to make trust”). By surface analysis, *bīdaną (“to wait”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɑi̯.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*baidijaną

1. to force, compel, demand
2. to constrain, cause to stay

Inflection

Conjugation of *baidijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice				passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*baidijō	*baidijaų	—		*baidijai	?
2nd singular	*baidīsi	*baidijais	*baidī		*baidijasai	*baidijaisau
3rd singular	*baidīþi	*baidijai	*baidijaþau		*baidijaþai	*baidijaiþau
1st dual	*baidijōs	*baidijaiw	—		—	—
2nd dual	*baidijaþiz	*baidijaiþiz	*baidijaþiz		—	—
1st plural	*baidijamaz	*baidijaim	—		*baidijanþai	*baidijainþau
2nd plural	*baidīþ	*baidijaiþ	*baidīþ		*baidijanþai	*baidijainþau
3rd plural	*baidijanþi	*baidijain	*baidijanþau		*baidijanþai	*baidijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*baididǭ	*baididēdį̄
2nd singular	*baididēz	*baididēdīz
3rd singular	*baididē	*baididēdī
1st dual	*baididēdū	*baididēdīw
2nd dual	*baididēdudiz	*baididēdīdiz
1st plural	*baididēdum	*baididēdīm
2nd plural	*baididēdud	*baididēdīd
3rd plural	*baididēdun	*baididēdīn
	present	past
participles	*baidijandz	*baididaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *baidijan
  • Old English: bǣdan
  • Old Saxon: bēdian
    • Middle Low German: bêden, beiden
      • German Low German: beden
  • Old Dutch: beiden
    • Middle Dutch: beiden
      • Dutch: beiden
  • Old High German: beiten
    • Middle High German: beiten
• Old Norse: beiða
  • Icelandic: beiða
  • Faroese: beiða
  • Old Swedish: bēþa
    • ⇒ Old Swedish: bēþas (from passive)
      • Swedish: bedas
• Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (baidjan)
• → Proto-Finnic:
  • Finnish: paidata
  • Ingrian: paijata