Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drītaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰreyd- (“to have diarrhea”).^[1] Perhaps cognate to Russian дриста́ть (dristátʹ, “to shart”), as well as Persian (dord, “dregs”).^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdriː.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*drītaną^[1]^[3]

to defecate
to urinate

Inflection

Conjugation of *drītaną (strong class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*drītō	*drītaų	—	*drītai	?
2nd singular	*drītizi	*drītaiz	*drīt	*drītazai	*drītaizau
3rd singular	*drītidi	*drītai	*drītadau	*drītadai	*drītaidau
1st dual	*drītōz	*drītaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*drītadiz	*drītaidiz	*drītadiz	—	—
1st plural	*drītamaz	*drītaim	—	*drītandai	*drītaindau
2nd plural	*drītid	*drītaid	*drītid	*drītandai	*drītaindau
3rd plural	*drītandi	*drītain	*drītandau	*drītandai	*drītaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*drait	*dritį̄
2nd singular	*draist	*dritīz
3rd singular	*drait	*dritī
1st dual	*dritū	*dritīw
2nd dual	*dritudiz	*dritīdiz
1st plural	*dritum	*dritīm
2nd plural	*dritud	*dritīd
3rd plural	*dritun	*dritīn

	present	past
participles	*drītandz	*dritanaz

Derived terms

*draitijaną

Related terms

*dritą

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *drītan
- Old English: drītan
  - Middle English: driten
    - Scots: drite
    - English: drite
- Old Frisian: drīta
- Old Saxon: *drītan
  - Middle Low German: drîten
    - Low German: drieten
- Old Dutch: *drītan
  - Middle Dutch: driten
    - Dutch: drijten
- Old High German: trīzan; *drīzan
  - Central Franconian: drieße
Old Norse: dríta
- Icelandic: dríta
- Faroese: dríta
- Norwegian Nynorsk: drita
- Norwegian Bokmål: drite
- Elfdalian: dritå, draita
- Swedish: drita^[4] (dialectal (1862), not necessarily still used)
- Danish: dritte^[5] (dialectal, obsolete in common language)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*drītan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 104
^ Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2003), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 356
^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*drītanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76
^ drita in Johan Ernst Rietz, Svenskt dialektlexikon (1862–1867)
^ “dritte” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*drītan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 104

[2] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2003), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 356

[3] Vladimir Orel (2003), “*drītanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76

[4] rita in Johan Ernst Rietz, Svenskt dialektlexikon (1862–1867)

[5] “dritte” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

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