Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ginōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₂ey-, itself from *ǵʰeh₂- (“to yawn, gape”) +‎ *-ey-, with the suffix *-néh₂ti. See also *gīnaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣi.nɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*ginōną

1. to gape
2. to yawn

Inflection

Conjugation of *ginōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*ginō	*ginǭ	—	*ginōi	?
2nd singular	*ginōsi	*ginōs	*ginō	*ginōsai	*ginōsau
3rd singular	*ginōþi	*ginō	*ginōþau	*ginōþai	*ginōþau
1st dual	*ginōs	*ginōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*ginōþiz	*ginōþiz	*ginōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*ginōmaz	*ginōm	—	*ginōnþai	*ginōnþau
2nd plural	*ginōþ	*ginōþ	*ginōþ	*ginōnþai	*ginōnþau
3rd plural	*ginōnþi	*ginōn	*ginōnþau	*ginōnþai	*ginōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*ginōdǭ	*ginōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*ginōdēz	*ginōdēdīz
3rd singular	*ginōdē	*ginōdēdī
1st dual	*ginōdēdū	*ginōdēdīw
2nd dual	*ginōdēdudiz	*ginōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*ginōdēdum	*ginōdēdīm
2nd plural	*ginōdēdud	*ginōdēdīd
3rd plural	*ginōdēdun	*ginōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*ginōndz	*ginōdaz

Related terms

• *gainōną
  • Proto-West Germanic: *gainōn
    • Old English: gānian
      • Middle English: ganen, gainen, gonen
    • Old High German: geinōn
      • Middle High German: geinen
        • Cimbrian: gòonan
• *ganą
• *ganōną
• *gīnaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *ginōn
  • Old English: ġinian, ġeonian, ġynian
    • Middle English: yenen, yonen, yanen
      • English: yawn
  • Old Frisian: *jinia, *jenia, *jania
    • North Frisian: jåne
    • Saterland Frisian: jaanje, joanje
  • Old Saxon: ginōn
    • Middle Low German: gēnen, jēnen, jānen
      • German Low German: jahnen
  • Old Dutch: *ginon
    • Middle Dutch: gēnen, ghēnen
  • Old High German: ginōn
    • Middle High German: ginen, genen, ginnen
      • German: gähnen (partially)
• Old Norse: gina