Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hulaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Uncertain. Various explanations have been proposed, none without problems.
- From *ḱel- (“to cover”), the root of *helaną.[1] The regular outcome of the zero grade would be *hl-, but it is possible that u was inserted to avoid a nonsyllabic root, by analogy with many other Germanic zero grades.
- From *ḱewh₁- (“to swell”).[2] A long vowel would be expected in the zero grade due to the following laryngeal, but Kroonen explains this away as "pretonic shortening". In this case, related to Latin cavus.
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
*hulaz
Inflection[edit]
Declension of *hulaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *hulaz | *hulai | *hulō | *hulôz | *hulą, -atō | *hulō |
| Accusative | *hulanǭ | *hulanz | *hulǭ | *hulōz | *hulą, -atō | *hulō |
| Genitive | *hulas, -is | *hulaizǫ̂ | *hulaizōz | *hulaizǫ̂ | *hulas, -is | *hulaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *hulammai | *hulaimaz | *hulaizōi | *hulaimaz | *hulammai | *hulaimaz |
| Instrumental | *hulanō | *hulaimiz | *hulaizō | *hulaimiz | *hulanō | *hulaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *hulô | *hulaniz | *hulǭ | *hulōniz | *hulô | *hulōnō |
| Accusative | *hulanų | *hulanunz | *hulōnų | *hulōnunz | *hulô | *hulōnō |
| Genitive | *huliniz | *hulanǫ̂ | *hulōniz | *hulōnǫ̂ | *huliniz | *hulanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *hulini | *hulammaz | *hulōni | *hulōmaz | *hulini | *hulammaz |
| Instrumental | *hulinē | *hulammiz | *hulōnē | *hulōmiz | *hulinē | *hulammiz |
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Proto-West Germanic: *hol
- Old Norse: holr
References[edit]
- ^ Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “hol 1”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands[1] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hula-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 253