Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stahlijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *stahlą (“steel”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstɑx.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*stahlijaną

1. to temper, to harden, to steel

Inflection

Conjugation of *stahlijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stahlijō	*stahlijaų	—	*stahlijai	?
2nd singular	*stahlīsi	*stahlijais	*stahlī	*stahlijasai	*stahlijaisau
3rd singular	*stahlīþi	*stahlijai	*stahlijaþau	*stahlijaþai	*stahlijaiþau
1st dual	*stahlijōs	*stahlijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*stahlijaþiz	*stahlijaiþiz	*stahlijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*stahlijamaz	*stahlijaim	—	*stahlijanþai	*stahlijainþau
2nd plural	*stahlīþ	*stahlijaiþ	*stahlīþ	*stahlijanþai	*stahlijainþau
3rd plural	*stahlijanþi	*stahlijain	*stahlijanþau	*stahlijanþai	*stahlijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stahlidǭ	*stahlidēdį̄
2nd singular	*stahlidēz	*stahlidēdīz
3rd singular	*stahlidē	*stahlidēdī
1st dual	*stahlidēdū	*stahlidēdīw
2nd dual	*stahlidēdudiz	*stahlidēdīdiz
1st plural	*stahlidēdum	*stahlidēdīm
2nd plural	*stahlidēdud	*stahlidēdīd
3rd plural	*stahlidēdun	*stahlidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*stahlijandz	*stahlidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *stahlijan
  • Old English: stilan
  • Old Saxon: *stelian
    • Middle Low German: stēlen
  • Old High German: stehelen, stahelen
    • Middle High German: stehelen, stahelen
      • German: stählen
• Old Norse: stæla
  • Icelandic: stæla
  • Faroese: stæla